Question

1. Choose one of the perceptual distortions discussed in the chapter readings (stereotypes, selective attention, halo effect, primary effect, regency effect, contrast effect, project, self-fulfilling prophecy, and impression management) and briefly describe a situation where your perception of another person was impacted by that distortion.
   
2. You are an African American woman who has been hired to lead an all-white, all-male team of programmers. They don’t have difficulty accepting your authority, but they do seem to have a hard time getting over the novelty of reporting to a woman and minority in an industry in which most workers are white and male. You’re getting tired of their jokes and quips. How could you use the concept of extinction to reduce and eventually put a stop to this behavior? How could you use negative punishment to reduce the behavior? Do you believe one approach or the other would be more effective in diminishing the behavior? Why or why not?
   
3. You join a company where managers regularly reprimand their direct reports in front of others, play favorites, and encourage co-workers to report one another for making small mistakes. Based on Bandura’s social cognitive theory, what sort of company culture is likely to spring from these practices? How would a new employee seek to “get ahead” at such a company and to what extent would efforts to succeed in this culture directly benefit the company’s shareholders?

Answer 1

In psychology, extinction refers to the gradual weakening of a conditioned response that results in the behavior decreasing or disappearing. In other words, the conditioned behavior eventually stops. So in order to get their behavior extincted you should stop reacting or responding to such things so that behavior eventually stops i.e. gets extincted.

In negative punishment, you remove a pleasant stimulus to decrease a behavior, in other words we can say that taking something away that makes them feel bad. So trying to take away that it meant for them in the workplace or doing something that suits the negative punishment definition would be advisable. At times using negative punishment is good and sometimes it is bad, it is wise to chose when to use and when not to use.

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