Question

1. Provide a description of how to determine if an item is inside or outside the body. What specific criteria would you use?

2. Determine if each item below is inside or outside the body. Write your response.   
(a)Air in the lung

(b)Food in the GI tract

(c)Urine held in the bladder

(d)Urine in the kidney

(e)Blood flowing in an artery

(f)Lymph fluid in interstitial space

(g)A developing fetus

(h)A ball bearing that your young family member swallowed…

3. What terms do physiologists use to describe the two fluid compartments inside the body? (see text if needed). What separates these two compartments?   

4. Mucus membranes line many tubes & cavities (e.g. the lining of the digestive track, lining of the nose, trachea, etc). How are these structures similar and how do they differ? (list at least one similarity and at least two differences between the characteristics of outer integument and mucous membranes).

Answer 1

In the discipline of anatomy and physiology an item is inside the body if it is within the barrier created by the skin and mucous membrane(e.g.,blood), and is considered outside the body if it has not crossed the barrier created by the skin and mucous membrane(e.g.,food with in the stomach).

a)Air in lung - outside the body

b)food in GI tract - outside the body

c)Urine held in bladder - outside the body

d) Urine in the kidney - outside thd body

e)Blood flowing in an artery - Inside the body

f) Lymph fluid in interstitial space - inside the body

g) A develioing fetus - outside the body

h) A ball bearing that young family member swallowed - outside the body.

3) * The two main fluid compartments are the Intracellular and extraellular compartments.

* The intracellular compartment is the space within the organism's cells, it is separated from the extracellular compartment by cell membranes.

4)The integumentary system contains  the skin and appendages which are absent in mucous membrane.

It includes hair,scales, feathers,hooves and nails.

Mucous membrane lines all body cavities that open to the exterior of the body (mouth, intestines,nasal passages,etc.)

Usually composed of either stratified squamous or simple or columnar epithelium covering a layer of loose connective tissue.

* Submucosa : Connective tissue layer that connects the mucosa to underlying structures.