Question

What is object oriented programming? please give introduction, explanation and conclusion.

Answer 1

Introduction:

Object-oriented programming is a type of computer software design or a computer program where the software programmers will define (1) the data type of the data structure and (2) the type of operations or functions, which can be applied to the data structure. Then the data structure becomes an object, which includes both data and functions. Also, the programmers can create relationships between the objects.

The object-oriented languages used are C++ AND JAVA. They create a formal set of rules for creating and managing the objects. For example, an object can take on characteristics from another object. Also, data can be stored in a traditional relational database or for a complex structure data is stored in an object database.

Explanation:

Four main features make OOP different from Non-OOP languages i.e. encapsulation, inheritance, abstraction, and polymorphism. Discussing as follows:

• Encapsulation is combining elements to create a new entity. An example of encapsulation is a procedure as it combines a series of computer instructions. Encapsulation ensures good code modularity. This keeps routines separate and less prone to conflict. The key advantage is that it hides data implementation by restricting access to public methods. For example name and date of birth of an individual can be held back.
• Abstraction: Abstract a concept or idea which is not associated with a particular instance. It is because one class need not know the details of another to use it. Knowing the interfaces should be enough. The main advantage is that abstraction or hiding of information reduces complexity.
• Inheritance passes down knowledge. The classes are created in hierarchies and inheritance allows the structure and method in one class to be passed down the hierarchy. This is a key advantage is less programming is required when adding functions to a complex system. In case a step is added to the bottom of the data and processing associated with the unique step has to be added rest is inherited.
• Polymorphism means one name and many forms. It refers to the ability of the programming language to process objects differently depending on their data type or class. It allows procedures of objects to be created without knowing their exact type until the run time. Taking the example of a screen cursor; it may change its shape from an arrow to a line which depends primarily on its program mode. The routine to move a cursor on the screen to the movement of the mouse would be written for the “cursor”. The polymorphism allows the cursor to take on whatever shape it requires at run time. The new shapes are easily allowed to integrate.

Conclusion:

To conclude the object-oriented programming language is a high-level programming language based on object-oriented models. The key advantage is that they enable programmers to create modules that don’t need to change when a new type of object is added. A programmer can just create a new object which inherits the features of an existing object. It helps to make the object-oriented program easier to modify.