Bob is running a marathon which expends a great deal of energy. Much of this energy generates heat, which then increases his core body temperature. He is in your clinic for treatment of dehydration.
Bobbie is sitting at a football game in late November when it is very cold. Her skin is very cold but her core temperature remains constant. She is being seen today for frostbite.
What are three ways the integumentary system helps regulate body temperature in these examples? Briefly describe the role of the integumentary system in combating each of the diagnosis above.
The integumentary system helps regulate body temperature through its tight association with the sympathetic nervous system, the division of the nervous system involved in our fight-or-flight responses. The sympathetic nervous system is continuously monitoring body temperature and initiating appropriate motor responses. The sweat glands, accessory structures to the skin, secrete water, salt, and other substances to cool the body when it becomes warm. Even when the body does not appear to be noticeably sweating, approximately 500 mL of sweat (insensible perspiration) are secreted a day. If the body becomes excessively warm due to high temperatures, vigorous activity , or a combination of the two, sweat glands will be stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system to produce large amounts of sweat, as much as 0.7 to 1.5 L per hour(leading to dehydration) for an active person. When the sweat evaporates from the skin surface, the body is cooled as body heat is dissipated.In addition to sweating, arterioles in the dermis dilate so that excess heat carried by the blood can dissipate through the skin and into the surrounding environment. This accounts for the skin redness that many people experience when exercising.
When body temperatures drop, the arterioles constrict to minimize heat loss, particularly in the ends of the digits and tip of the nose. This reduced circulation can result in the skin taking on a whitish hue. Although the temperature of the skin drops as a result, passive heat loss is prevented, and internal organs and structures remain warm. If the temperature of the skin drops too much (such as environmental temperatures below freezing), the conservation of body core heat can result in the skin actually freezing, a condition called frostbite.
In these two cases the integumentary system,helps in protection, temperature regulation and sensory sensory reception,
Bob is running a marathon which expends a great deal of energy. Much of this energy...
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