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3. You want to know if the unemployment rate of black people is higher than the...

3. You want to know if the unemployment rate of black people is higher than the unemployment rate of white people. You use the UK census to compute the unemployment rate for each group and find that the unemployment rate for black people is 6.5% while the unemployment rate for white people is 4.5%. Can you conclude that the unemployment rate for blacks is higher than the unemployment rate for whites? Explain your answer.

4. Suppose we observe two variables Y and X, where Y is the number of hours of sleep and X is the number of cups of coffee the person drinks. Suppose that the correlation coefficient between these two variables is r=0.81. Discuss why this correlation does not imply that X causes Y.

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