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What do the phenomena of overshadowing, the CS preexposure effect, and relative validity of cues have...

What do the phenomena of overshadowing, the CS preexposure effect, and relative validity of cues have in common?

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Overshadowing is which there is the presence of two stimuli, however, one stimulus provides a stronger influence than the other. It is an aspect of behavioral and learning psychology that is used to study behavioral patterns. The CS-preexposure effect is the observation that the conditioning after exposure to CS after the initial stimulus(same as CS) is retarded. If multiple discriminative stimuli are variably correlated with reinforcement, then stimulus control would be found to be stronger in stimuli that reliably evoke the reinforcement. This is known as relative validity and helps to understand the responses to varying stimuli. All of these bear in common the fact that they related to the learning and cognitive trends associated with the observer. One of the stimuli will have a more profound influence over the observer and will generate better reinforcement. Such overlapping similarities between these concepts are what makes cognitive and learning psychology a field with resonating patterns of operation.

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