Question

5. (a) 4points Figure 2 below shows the annual average radiation budget as a function of latitude. Estimate the latitude Lc where the net radiation crosses over from positive to negative in the Northern Hemisphere. Also estimate the value of the net radiation at the North Pole. Use the two pieces of information to find the equation of a straight line that approximately describes the net radiation (in WIm2) as a function of latitude L between 10 N and the North Pole. (b) 4 points] The latitude Lc is where the northward transport of heat by the atmosphere and oceans is at a maximum in that hemisphere. Explain why. (c) 4 points] The rate of meridional (along lines of longitude) heat transport at that latitude equals the total radiation deficit integrated over the surface area of the Earth from LC to the North Pole. Compute this value using the equation you obtained in part (a), keeping in mind that a unit change in latitude is not proportional to a unit of surface area. (d) 4 points Convert your result to a power per unit distance (east or west along the line of constant latitude at Lc), using units of kilowatts per kilometer. Take the radius of the Earth to be RE 6371km Page 2 Annual Average Radiative Flux 400 350 300 250 200 E 150 100 50 Solar Radiation 100 150 90 -80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 S0 Figure 2: Radiation flux in the Earth's atmosphere. The solid line is outgoing long wave radiation, the dashed line is the absorbed solar radiation., the dotted line is the difference between the two, showing the net amount of radiation absorbed averaged over a year.

Answer 1

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