loto 0 a) let us assome hat o classical ideal aas inside. the containex volume o the gas s v.The chenical Potential ts μ. The gas has (N' Posticles,an ther Possitonand s momentun ase the Pelential enegy H is both tempesatuse T. dassicaly Hhe Psobabiit Pindin he Poaticle in a Sma volome de about 9 0 a Momenlun ts a small volume 읾P , about p'İS in phase Space To noxmaliae the Pǒobabil.h and de-exmine he Corslant A.uwe haveo nliqsate oves al the possible. values of g'and p' nlext we consides a dassical
uslem o N' Posticles in the coaonical ensemble. b) the paobaliy density o a aicl micsostale 's e' is the enex is deined athe position's and vonento o P evosy Pohelewe can expess the a the mcoostale Becabse a miczeae. oFan sical guanl _pA,p)io a classical system as Let os Considex a ore limensoonal Sustem of tuoo PoslReles and suppose that eng af he etem can
have Sepozaled o he quadiahc dependence ol he enes op poxHcle one units momentom we use eq and expsess the mean valbe o e as 03 e -BE BE abalS oves au he co ozdirates except P Cancel, and we have But we can wie as
2 in dP tue Sukslitule he above ineaal beomes de, -ePdp.af -Be, . (阝b).Ily J e,'군a hese we have "lek Zl=阝bPL (The inlegal is ndependent ol pand its nomenal Value is szelevant. Hence d) Aecosda to uanum mechanical slales that malo then identical Pa2sLicles aγe În dislinguishable at al, eMpesauses. I we make the ion that Stngle
5 Pazticle micoslales usith mutliple otcopaHon can be noed con expsessed Paanehon N non Heaacg denical PasHeles as eal ga9 on ideal aas 야 (dl Paoticles sericlassical (imit 2