XSS = cross site scripting
6. Please answer following questions related to defenses to XSS attacks. (15’ compulsory for Msc, 10’ bonus for Undergraduate)
1) Input escaping. Essentially, evey Web page will include a piece of JavaScript code that will search for tags like “
XSS - Cross-site Scripting in which the attacker manages to sneak a script (Usually javascript) into a website to run malicious code thereby leaking sensitive information, stealing a users cookies and session tokens, etc.
Mainly three types of defenses are used for preventing XSS, one of which is Input escaping.
Input Escaping refers to processing the data before its rendered. Simply put, when the web application can take user input, the user input is first made secure before it is rendered for the end user. By escaping user input, key characters in the data received by the web page will be prevented from being intercepted in any malicious way. Its something like the data is censored in such a way that the characters like [space] % * + , - / ; < = > ^ and | , are disallowed from being rendered.
If at all these characters are being entered, the javascript encodes the characters, meaning data sanitation happens. For example, < becomes < and > becomes > which necessarily mean the same thing to the web browser. In other cases, the application may remove certain characters or expressions in an attempt to cleanse your input of malicious content.
The script that is usually entered has script tags,
<script>alert('...ESCAPE UNTRUSTED DATA BEFORE PUTTING HERE...')</script>
and the application could be designed in a way, so as to remove the script tags, thus preventing the attack. and if this is not done then the code between the code " ", basically a js code which may harm the application will get its work done.
Even this can be bypassed in as in the case of using escaping shortcuts, example: \" where the HTML attribute parser will run first and it will thus take it as a quote. These escaping shortcuts are also susceptible to escape-the-escape attacks where the attacker sends \" and the vulnerable code turns that into \\" which enables the quote.
XSS = cross site scripting 6. Please answer following questions related to defenses to XSS attack...
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