Protein purification- It is the process by which proteins are separated from a mixture of other complex individuals.
Some of the important methods of purification are-
1. ammonium sulfate fractionation
2. Heat treatment
3. Gel-Filtration
4. Ion-Exchange Chromatography
5. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography
6. Affinity Chromatography
Each of these is explained briefly below.
1. ammonium sulfate fractionation
the proteins are salted out, the concentration of salt at which protein precipitates changes for every individual protein. This property is used here to make the fraction of different proteins in the mixture.
2. Heat treatment
It can simply be stated as purification by denaturation.
3. Gel-Filtration
In this process, the size decides the purification. Here the sample is applied to a column of porous beads. depending on size they enter or retain the beads. According to pre-existing knowledge of size, and their entry into beads, purification is done.
4. Ion-Exchange Chromatography
In this process, beads are separated based on their charge. If the protein has an overall positive charge then it binds to a column of beads else not. Based on this they are separated.
5. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography
Here the separation is dependent on the vanderwaals force between proteins and ligands in the mixture. As different proteins have different associativity towards ligands, it makes to make and purify
6. Affinity Chromatography
Here the separation is based on the relatively high affinity of proteins with specific chemical groups.
Among all these methods, I would say Affinity Chromatography is the best of all methods because-
i. interaction highly specific.
ii. can isolate transcription factors also.
iii. effective to isolate the desired group.