Question

A) You will investigate the PP-I chain leading to the formation of helium and energy from the fusion of 1) Demonstrate that I u of mass (1/12)mC, atom) has an equivalent rest mass of answers Qi, Q2, and Qs in MeV. Be careful with Qi-beware of the leptons! hydrogen in the cores of lower mass main sequence stars such as our Sun. 931.4940954 MeV/c (match at least the first 4 digits past decimal) Calculate the Q value for each step of the PP-I reaction chain (Eq. 10.37-39), expressing your 2) differently. Specifically, thé tolal a nuclear reaction, we treat matter and antimatter nümbér of matter leptons minus the total number of antimatter leptons must remain constant. To assist in counting the number of nucleons and the total electric charge, nuclei will be represented in this text by the symbol x, where X is the chemical symbol of the element (H for hydrogen, He for helium, etc.), Z is the number of protons (the total positive charge, in units of e), and A is the mass number (the total number of nucleons, protons plus neutrons).10 The Proton-Proton Chains Applying the conservation laws, one chain of reactions that can convert hydrogen into helium is the first proton-proton chain (PPI). It involves a reaction sequence that ultimately results in through the intermediate production of deuterium (1) and helium-3 d He). The entire PPI (10.37) (10.38) (10.39) reaction chain is Each step of the PPI chain has its own reaction rate, since different Coulomb barriers and cross sections are involved. The slowest step in the sequence is the initial one, because it involves the decay of a proton into a neutron via ptte+ +ve. Such a decay involves the weak force, another of the four known forces. 12 10Since an element is uniquely determined by the number of protons (Z) in the nucleus, specilying both X and Z is redundant. As a result, some texts use the less cumbersome notation AX. However, this notation makes it more difficult to keep track of the electric charge in a nuclear reaction. "Approximately 0.4% of the time, the first reaction step is accomplished by the so-called pep reaction: [H+ 12Each of the four forces has now been mentioned: the gravitational force, which involves all particles with mass- energy; the electromagnetic force, associated with photons and electric charge; the strong force that binds nuclei together; and the weak force of radioactive beta (electron/positron) decay.

Answer 1

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