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8. In Exercise 1, you found that more women than men are likely to fear walking alone in their neighborhoods. You now wonder if this difference exists because women are more likely to own their own homes and so live in safer neighborhoods. In other words, you want to try some elaboration. Use the data from Exercise 1 to construct tables showing the relationship between fear of walking alone and sex, controlling for whether the individual rents or owns his or her dwelling. a. b. Does renting versus owning one's dwelling explain the difference in f and men? (Use percentage differences to support your answer.) home ownership shown that the relationship between sex and fear is c. Has introducing spurious or is home ownership an intervening variable? Explain. CHAPTER EXERCISES t data for 20 men and women. In addition to measuring respondent's sex (M we also measured their home ownership status (O own, R rent), and male, F = female), m fear of walking alone at night (Y - yes, N no). Sex Fear Rent/Own a. Construct a bivariate table of frequencies for sex and fear of walking alone at night. Which b. Calculate percentages for the table based on the independent variable. Describe the rela- c. Use the data to construct a bivariate table to compare fear of walking alone at night is the independent variable? ionship between sex and fear of walking alone using the table. What sampling issues are involved here? between people who own their homes and those who rent. Treat home ownership as your independent variable. CHAPTER9 Bivariate Tables

Answer 1

Question 8)

a. To answer this, let's use the cross tabulation technique where the rows will be sex and the columns should be the two dependent variables (Fear and Own/Rent).

Using the cross tabulation we should derive the following relationship between these variables.

Rent/Own Fear Total Total Sex Male Female 2 7 4 4

b) No. Renting vs owning doesn't explain the fear b/w men and women. Based on the above table, 2 out of 9 Males fear walking alone. So only 22.22% of men fear walking alone. However 5 out of 9 Males own home. So even though only 22.22% men fear walking alone, 55.56% own their own homes.

Similarly even though 72.73% (8 out of 11) women fear walking alone, only 36.36% own their own homes. Hence owning one's own dwelling doesn't explain the fear of walking alone.

c) The relationship between sex and fear is not spurious as it is clear from the above table. 72.73% of females fear walking alone where as only 22.22% of men fear the same. However the ownership/ rent information couldn't explain the above.