Question

3)      Describe the process by which fluid (such as blood) can be removed from the pelvic cavity of a female, using the correct anatomical terminology.

4)      How many segmental arteries does each kidney usually have?

5)      Describe the three major areas of the pelvis through which nerves and blood vessels enter and leave (not including the continuation of structures from the abdominal cavity).

6)      Describe the deficits that would result from complete loss of function of the pudendal nerve (i.e. what would the patient experience). Please include motor and sensory components.

7)      Describe the role that sympathetics play during the micturition reflex.

8)      What are the 3 parts of the external urethral sphincter in females?

9)      Describe how a semi-rigid penile implant is placed within the body, using the correct anatomical terms to describe what is cut and where the implant is placed in the penis.

10)    Describe the cause and appearance of Peyronie’s disease.

11)    Describe the different between the blood supply to the gonads (testes and ovaries) and the erectile tissues.

12)    Why isn’t the entire obturator internus muscle visible from within the pelvic cavity?

13)    How is it possible that urine can be transported from the kidneys to the urinary bladder while one is standing on one’s head?

14)    What are three things produced by the prostate gland and what do they do?

Answer 1

3) Transvaginal drainage is the procedure in which fluid from pelvic cavity is removed.

It is acheived by either placing a catheter or by trochar method.

4) there are five segmental arteries supplying each kidney,they are - superior segmental artery, inferior segmental artery ,anterior superior segmental artery, anterior inferior sengmental artery and posterior segmental artery.

5) Major areas of the pelvis through which structures enters and leaves are -

Pelvic inlet

Pelvic outlet

Obturator foramen.

6) motor symptoms -Fecal incontinence.

Urinary incontinence

Straining during stools

Sensory symptoms-

Loss of sensatiom over perineal region.

Loss of erection in both makes and females.

7) During micturition reflex, sympathetic stimulation has role in relaxation of detrusor muscle and internal sphincter is kept tensed that is contracted through sympathetic stimulation.

Whereas parasympathetic stimulation during micturition causes contraction of detrusor muscle and relaxes internal sphincter

8) Three parts of external sphincter are -

Sphincter urethrae

Urethrovaginal muscle

Compressor urethrae