Question

1. Madge, a 40-year-old woman, loved wearing high-heeled shoes. She was experiencing pain in her great toe so she scheduled an appointment with her doctor. The doctor noticed an enlargement of the medial side of the metatarsophalangealjoint. The most probable diagnosis is

	a.	hammer toe.
	b.	hallux rigidus
	c.	hallux valgus
	d.	osteomalacia

2. Tom stepped on Timmy's foot while they were playing basketball and he inverted it. Timmy dropped to the floor in pain unable to bear any weight on the right foot. The doctor ordered an x-ray and found that he had a second-degree tear in both his anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments. What is Timmy's most likely diagnosis, and how can it be treated?

	a.	dislocation; closed reduction
	b.	fracture; cast
	c.	strain; RICE, anti-inflammatory drugs
	d.	sprain; RICE, anti-inflammatory drugs

Answer 1

1. Disabilities of foot are commonly caused by ill fitting shoes .Fashion, vanity and eye appeal ,rather than function and physiology of the foot are the determining factors in the design of footwear. Poor fitting shoes distort normal anatomy ending with deformity and pain.

a.Hammer toe:It is a flexion deformity of the interphalangeal joint involving several toes

b.Hallux rigidus:A condition causing pain and stiffness in the joint located at the base of great toe.

c.Hallux valgus: It is a deformity deviating great toe laterally with marked prominence of the medial aspect of the first metatarsal phalangeal joint.(Answer)

d. Osteomalacia:It is a metabolic bone disease because of inadequate demineralisation of the bone.

2.Injury to one part of the musculoskeletal system usually results in injury or ysfunction of adjacent structures and of structures enclosed or supported by them. Various forms of physical and occupational therapy may help in healing process and recovery.

a.Dislocation, closed reduction: A dislocation occurs in joints . It is a condition in which articular surfaces of bones forming the joint are no longer in anatomic contact.The dislocation is reduced(closed reduction) to preserve the joint function.

b.Fracture, cast: Break in continuity of bone is fracture. Immediately after injury ,whenever fracture is suspected , it is important to immobilize the body part . A cast is an intervention for holding the broken bone in place to enhance healing and provide immobilization.

c.Strain, RICE,anti inflammatory drugs: Strain is a muscle pull caused by overuse or overstretching or excessive stress. Rest,Ice, Compression,pressure bandage and for pain anti inflammatory drugs can be ordered.

d. Sprain, RICE, anti inflammatory drugs: Sprain is an injury to the ligaments surrounding a joint that is caused by pulling or twisting motion. Treatment involves rest, ice, compression and pressure bandage.Elevation of foot can decrease swelling. Severe sprains may require immobilization . Anti inflammatory drugs are ordered to reduce swelling and pain.(Answer)