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2. Define the following terms: a. exergonic b. endergonic c. entropy d. enthalpy e. free energy f. metabolic flux
Given an endergonic or exergonic process/reaction, predict what will happen to entropy and free energy levels
1)Reversible processes are generally: A)Exergonic B) Spontaneous C) At equilibrium D) Endergonic 2) Which of the following processes would be considered reversible? A) The digestion of food B) The melting of ice at 0oC C) The vaporization of water at 75oC D) The rusting of iron 3) Which of the following is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics? A) A state of complete order occurs at absolute zero B) A spontaneous process will occur with an increase in...
A metabolic reaction A to B is endergonic, with a standard free energy change of +0.5 kcal/mol. Describe two specific ways in which this reaction could be made favorable.
4. Draw a free energy reaction coordinate diagram for both a generic endergonic and a generic exergonic reaction (label each). Make sure to label the x- and y-axes. Now label where reactants and products should go on the figure. Draw something that illustrates the free energy change for each reaction. Now write something like the following next to your figures: “reactants <—> products”. a. What do the reaction coordinate diagrams have to do with the text you just wrote? b. What...
What is the reducing agent (or electron donor) in the following reaction? Pyruvate + NADH + H^+ rightarrow Lactate + NAD^+ A. oxygen B. NADH+H^+ C. NAD^+ D. lactate E. pyruvate Reactants capable of interacting to form products in a chemical reaction must first overcome a thermodynamic barrier known as the reaction's A. entropy B. heat content. C. activation energy. D. endothermic level. E. free-energy content. What does the chemiosmotic process in mitochondria involve? A. establishment of a proton gradient...
2. Given the reaction coordinate diagram below, answer the following questions: Free energy Progress of the reaction a) How many intermediates are formed in the reaction? b) Which letter(s) represent(s) a transition state? c) What is the fastest step in the reaction? d) Which is more stable: A or G? e) Does A or E form faster from C? f) Which is the most stable intermediate? g) What is the reactant of the rate-determining step? h) is the first step...
Please explain Gibbs Free Energy. Below are key questions. 1. Define Gibbs free energy and express it mathematically in terms of the temperature, enthalpy change, and entropy change of the system. 2 .Understand the meaning of the mathematical sign of the change in Gibbs free energy with respect to spontaneity. 3 Compute the change in Gibbs free energy, and predict spontaneity from T, DH, and DS.
15,16,17 15 Thermodynamic parameters (entropy, enthalpy free energy, and internal energy) are given for an unknown chryme Explain which results would be expected for the breaking of hydrogen bonds and the exposure of hydrophobie groups from the interior during the unfolding process of a protein. B1 A B. C. D. E. Entropy change, AS, is zero. Enthalpy change, AH, is positive. The reaction is spontaneous. Enthalpy change, AH, is negative. Entropy change, AS, is positive. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone...
3. [10 marks] We've covered the definition of Gibbs free energy, Helmholtz free energy, entropy, and enthalpy. There is also something called their fundamental equations. a) [8 marks] Use online resources and your peers to determine the total differential form of each of these terms. For example, if we're looking at Gibbs free energy, defined as G = H – TS, then determine what dG would be. b) [2 marks] Why is it useful to use this form? c) [+2...
Calculate the changes in free energy, enthalpy, and entropy when 1.00 mol Ar(g) at 27°C is compressed isothermally from 100.0 L to 15.0 L. ΔH = _____kJ ΔS = _____J/K ΔG = _____kJ