Correct options is C.
This is because SouthCarolina was first state to announce its secession from The Union in 1860 through Declaration of Immediate Causes amd later joining other southern states of Confederacy to stop expansion of slavery in Western American region and disintegrate into seperate state with democracy.
18. "First Secessionists," the title of Chapter 14 in Woodard's American Nations, refers to A. a union of factions...