Question

For the following reaction: 1) Add curved arrows for the first step. 2) Draw both the organic and inorganic intermediate species. Include nonbonding electrons and charges, where applicable. Include hydrogen atoms. CH3 H Br: HC-C–CH3

Answer 1

Concepts and reason

Alkenes are unsaturated compounds that contain carbon-carbon double bonds, which undergo addition reactions. In addition reactions, the weaker pi bond is converted to two new stronger sigma bonds. An addition reaction is regioselective, based on the reagent used.

Fundamentals

Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes and hence, usually undergo addition reactions in which the weak pi bond is broken and addition of two new groups across the carbon-carbon double bond to form a saturated compound.

An addition reaction goes via two-step process:

1.The electrophile attacks on the double bond forming a carbocation intermediate.

2.In the second step, the counter ion attacks the carbocation intermediate and forms a saturated product.

An addition reaction can follow one of two rules when the two atoms that add to the double bond are different:

1.Markovnikov’s Rule: The electrophile adds to the less hindered carbon atom and nucleophile adds to the more hindered carbon atom of the double bond.

2.Anti-Markovnikov’s Rule: The electrophile adds to the more hindered carbon atom and the nucleophile adds to the less hindered carbon atom of the double bond.

Markovnikov’s addition gives a stable carbocation intermediate over anti-Markovnikov’s addition. Hence, Markovnikov’s addition gives a more stable major product and anti-Markovnikov’s addition gives a less stable minor product.

Ans:

Answer 2

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