As part of an annual physical exam, you order a bone density study on a 66 year old female. The report reveals the following scores: Lumbar: t score -2.8; z score 1.0. Femur: t score -3.0; z score -0.98.
A) This 66 year old female has osteoporosis that is caused by elderly age.
T score compares the bone density of the person with the bone density of a 30 year old healthy individual.
normal range of T score is -1 or above
T score between -1.0 and -2.5 indicates low bone density - osteopenia
T score below -2.5 suggests osteoporosis.
Z score compares the bone density of the person to the bone density of the other individual of same age and gender. Z score above -2 is considered as normal.
B) Taking calcium supplements before day ,renal calculi ,gall stones ,silicon implants can impact or artificially elevate the bone density results.
C) Kidney or liver disease , cancer , lupus etc are the medical conditions that can cause thinning of bones.
D) Risk factors for osteoporosis are females , low calcium intake, usage of steroids for more than 3 months, alcohol, smoking etc.
As part of an annual physical exam, you order a bone density study on a 66 year old female. The report reveals the f...
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