13. Describe how the following processes are affected by temperature and time, and how diffusion plays a role. Is d...
13. Describe how the following processes are affected by temperature and time, and how diffusion plays a role. Is diffusion a result of concentration gradients in each case? If not tell what is the driving force for atom diffusion with a net flux in one direction (versus random diffusion). a. Sintering refractory metals or ceramics b. Creep of metals or ceramics c. Recharging a battery d. Operation of a fuel cell to produce electricity e. Doping regions of a Si semiconductor with B f. Making the surface of a silicate glass very hard by ion exchanging Ba from solution for Ca in the glass g. Reacting MgO and Al,O h. Precipitation from a (Al,,Ti),0,y solid solution to make of TiO, precipitates in Al,O, matrix . Grain growth j.Making a uniform alloy of Ti consisting of 5%mol V, 5%mol Al, and 90 mol%Ti starting with V, Al, and Ti metal particles k. Carburization to make MgAl204. 1-x an . Nitriding Annealing martensite to make a more ductile steel m.
13. Describe how the following processes are affected by temperature and time, and how diffusion plays a role. Is diffusion a result of concentration gradients in each case? If not tell what is the driving force for atom diffusion with a net flux in one direction (versus random diffusion). a. Sintering refractory metals or ceramics b. Creep of metals or ceramics c. Recharging a battery d. Operation of a fuel cell to produce electricity e. Doping regions of a Si semiconductor with B f. Making the surface of a silicate glass very hard by ion exchanging Ba from solution for Ca in the glass g. Reacting MgO and Al,O h. Precipitation from a (Al,,Ti),0,y solid solution to make of TiO, precipitates in Al,O, matrix . Grain growth j.Making a uniform alloy of Ti consisting of 5%mol V, 5%mol Al, and 90 mol%Ti starting with V, Al, and Ti metal particles k. Carburization to make MgAl204. 1-x an . Nitriding Annealing martensite to make a more ductile steel m.