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order costing system? DQ4. CONCEPT Why do the concepts of cost underlie the four steps necessary to allocate overhead costs?
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Estimated and actual overhead costs are recognised and measured using the following four steps

1. Calculating the predetermined overhead rate : this you calculate using the following formula

Pre determined overhead rate = Estimated overhead costs / Estimated activity base

the base can be direct labor , machine hours , materials , etc.

Estimated overhead costs are usually based on past trends.

2. After you calculate the overhead rate you assign the overhead costs to products and services based on the predetermined overheads rate this is because it is difficult to keep track of each product / service consuming which overhead activities , so to save money and time we use predetermined overhead rate to allocate overheads

3.Then you measure the actual overheads during the period. this is a year end activity generally because all the actual costs are avialable now

4. Reconciling the difference of actual and applied overheads and adjusting underapplied or overapplied overheads appropriately

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