Question

15. Which of the following is a true statement about the difference between a price-taker firm and a competitive price-searcher firm in the long run (more than one answer is correct)? a. Both will sell their products at a price equal to average total cost, but only the price-searcher will produce at minimum average total cost. b. Both will sell their products at a price equal to marginal cost, and only the competitive price searcher will produce at minimum average total cost. c. Only the price-taker will sell its product at a price equal to marginal cost. d. Only the competitive price searcher will sell its product at a price equal to marginal cost. e. Both will sell their products at a price equal to average total cost, but only the price-taker will produce at minimum average total cost.

16. In some industries where firms experience declining average total costs over the full range of output that consumers are willing to buy (more than one answer is correct): a. a larger firm will very likely have lower per-unit costs. b. many rival firms will tend to emerge from the competitive process. c. a single large firm will likely develop, and it will have cost advantages that may protect it from potential rivals. d. a single large firm will develop and it will buy out any smaller rival firms because the small firms can produce at a lower per-unit cost. e. smaller firms will likely have per-unit costs that are similar to large firms.

17. In sparsely populated areas of the western United States, physicians often have some local monopoly power since the nearest doctor may be a hundred miles (or more) away. Physicians confronting this circumstance may be able to practice price discrimination, for example, by charging richer families more than poorer ones for the same services. If one such physician is willing to stay in the area only if he or she can earn at least $150,000 per year, and if price discrimination permits him or her do so, then economic reasoning suggests that such price discrimination would most likely (more than one answer is correct): a. make residents of the area worse off with regard to the purchase of physician services. b. make residents of the area better off with regard to the purchase of physician services. c. increase the number of physicians practicing in such sparsely populated areas. d. increase the options available to both the rich and poor families in the community.

19. Given that the short-run cost and demand conditions shown above for a competitive price-searcher firm are representative for all firms in the industry, which statements accurately describe this firm and industry (more than one answer is correct)? a. The firm’s Price will exceed ATC and it will be able to make short-run economic profits. b. The firms will face competition from new entrants into the industry, causing this firm's demand to decline until zero economic profits are restored. c. The firms will face competition from new entrants into the industry, causing this firm's demand to increase until it earns positive economic profits. d. The firm will see some of its competitors exit from the industry, causing this firm's demand to increase until zero economic profits are restored. e. The firm’s Total Revenue (TR) will exceed its Total Costs (TC) in the short-run.

20. If the government grants a single firm the patent right (monopoly) for the production of a good, such as a new cancer drug, then compared to the competitive outcome for such a good: a. the price of the cancer drug will be higher, less of the cancer drug will be produced, and the firm will earn positive profits. b. the price of the cancer drug will be lower, less of the cancer drug will be produced, and the firm may be able to earn positive economic profits. c. the price of the cancer drug will be higher, more of the cancer drug will be produced, and the firm may be able to earn positive economic profits. d. the price of the cancer drug will be higher, less of the cancer drug will be produced, and the firm will earn zero economic profits. e. none of the above

21. Assuming that firms maximize profits, how will the price and output policy of an unregulated monopolist compare with ideal market efficiency? (More than one answer is correct.) a. The output of the monopolist will be too small and the price too high, compared to ideal market efficiency. b. The output of the monopolist will be too large and the price too high, compared to ideal market efficiency. c. The output of the monopolist will be too small and the price too low, compared to ideal market efficiency. d. The monopolist’s price will be too high, but the impact of monopoly on output is indeterminate. e. The unregulated monopolist will be in a position to charge a price greater than its ATC of production in the long-run.

Answer 1

15 Perfect competition The perfect competition is the type of market structure, which characterized by a large number of sellers and buyers exist in the market, selling the homogenous commodity, no barriers to entry and exit In the perfect competition, the firm is price taker because of a large number of firms in the market. Therefore, they fix the price based on the forces of supply and demand in the market. The profit- maximizing condition of the perfect competition firm is price equal to marginal cost price taker firm and a competitive price equal to marginal In this case, the true statement about the difference between price-searcher form in the long run is "both will sell their products at a cost and only the competitive price-searcher will produce at minimum average total cosť". a Therefore, the answer is option b.

16. The strategy of the firm to reduce the average total cost over the full range of output because of attracting the goods and services decreases, so more consumer will demand their product Suppose the average total cost of the consumer decreases, the price of more consumer In this case, the true statement is a larger firm will very likely have lower per-unit costs, many firms will tend to emerge from the competitive process, and the single larger firm will develop and it will buy out any smaller rival firms because the small form can produce at a lower per-unit cost Therefore, the answer is option a. b. and d.