Question

Respond to the following discussion questions: 1. Do all molecules obey the octet rule? If No, give at least three examples of molecules that are exceptions to the octet rule and explain in detail why they do not obey the octet rule. 2.What is the difference between electron-domain geometry and molecular geometry of a molecule? Give examples. 3. Discuss how"Bond dipoles" in molecules can be used to determine polarity in molecules (Note: Clear illustration MUST be used to explain this).

Answer 1

1. Let's first understand what is octect sule- Octect Rule - It states that every atom wants to - have Eight valence electrons in its outermost electron shell. Example 2) MgCl2 + Here my exist in Mg + - Mght: 2,8 12-2= 10 elections ce exist in tl ceo = 2,8,8 17+121820 Above are 2 exemples which shows that Ca mg, I Prefers electronic configuration in which they have 8 e0 in outer most shell. → Now not every atoms follows octect rule. Exceptions Reason. a) H₂ FH - As H have only I eo and its octect is complete ie 1s2 by gaining only leo. so its stable only by 2 eo 6 He He af ate is stable in its ground Staße as it has completely filled outermost shell only by 2 eo. Thus ate z ls² is stable & violets Ics Scanned with I octeet sule. CamScanner

© pils uplu 1000 in outermost shell of p a This violets octect rule. Reason is e exist in 3rd period so it has an excess to d-orbitals, so it can form 5 bonds result to expanded octeet isl, lg² 25² 286 35² 3p3 Now what happens the eo pair in 352 lose 1 eo to 3d & looks like this Pz 1822² 226 35' 3p3 agd a taas honde due to empty d orbitals. © Eleton Domain GeomethylE DG) - It is the arrangements af Election Group around an atomine it include both bond pair and lone pair elect. Molecular Geometry - etry - Anangements af Atoms. aroun at central atm. It only includes boneling elechons not lone pairs lett take two molecules 2 I lone pain an example, ale have . all three 6 boneled atom @ like B Scanned with CamScanner $2 bonded atoms

BB Election Domain Geometry =) Trgonal planer. Molecular Geometry =) Trigonal planer. ~ B B Election Domain Geometry =) Trigonal planer. (2 bonel pair / Moleculare Geometry =) Bent or V shop. GAB) Because It doesn't count lone pairs. 1 Dipole & Polainty have some net dipole then it's otherwise if net dipole is bero it If a molecule a polar molecule is non-polar. dipoleno a dipole ty o= c= 0 XH' M Met dipole Net dipole Thus polar Scanned with CamScanner H » Cancels each other & heree Net dipole is zo This Mon- polaku