. A 9-year –old boy has a history of a reagent viral infection. He now feels faint and is feverish, and he is generally not well. He has to urinate frequently and is very thirsty. His breath smells fruity. He is seen in an urgent care clinic, where blood is drawn and urine collected for routine urinalysis. The following urinalysis results were obtained:
Physical Appearance
Color: Pale
Transparency: Clear
Chemical Screening
pH: 5.0
Specific gravity (refractometer): 1.029
Specific gravity (reagent strip): 1.005
Protein (reagent strip): Negative
Blood: Negative
Nitrite: Negative
Leukocyte esterase: Negative
Glucose: >2000 mg/dL
Ketones: Large
Bilirubin: Negative
Urobilinogen: Negative
Microscopic Examination:
Red blood cells: 0-2 per hpf
White blood cells: 0-2 per hpf
Questions
1. The difference in the specific gravity values in this specimen is probably caused by which of the following?
a. Ability of the refractometer to measure only non-ionizing substances
b Difference in the principles of the methods
c. Failure to use proper quality control
d. Instrument error
2. This patient is at risk of losing consciousness as a result of which of the following?
a. Diabetic coma
b. Diabetic shock
c. Infection
d. Kidney failure
3. Which of the following conditions is exhibited by this patient?
a. Anorexia nervosa
b. Diabetes insipidus
c. Diabetes mellitus
d. Galactosemia
1. B Refractometer measures the refractory index of total soluble solids.bigher the concentration of total dissolved solids higher the refectory index.refration of beam of light is passed through the urine .
On other side reagent strip measures the concentration of the ions in the urine. Depending on th ionic strength of the urine a polyelecttolyte will ionise in the urine.
2. A Diabetic coma.
A diabetic coma could happen when your blood sugar gets too high -- 600 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or more -- causing you to become very dehydrated. It usually affects people with type 2 diabetes that isn't well-controlled. It's common among those who are elderly, chronically ill, and disabled.
3. C Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in which blood sugar (glucose) levels are abnormally high because the body does not produce enough insulin to meet its needs.
. A 9-year –old boy has a history of a reagent viral infection. He now feels...
A 9-year-old boy has a history of a recent viral infection. He now feels faint and is feverish, and he is generally not well. He has to urinate frequently and is very thirsty. His breath smells fruity. He is seen in an urgent care clinic, where blood is drawn and urine collected for routine urinalysis. The following urinalysis results were obtained: Physical Appearance Color: Pale Transparency: Clear Chemical Screening pH: 5.0 Specific gravity (refractometer): 1.029 Specific gravity (reagent strip): 1.005...
Case Study #5 A 9 year-old boy has a history of a recent viral infection. He now feels faint and is feverish, an he is generally not well. He has to urinate f He is seen in an urgent care clinic, where blood is drawn and urine collected for routine urinalysis. The following urinalysis results were obtained frequently and is very thirsty. His breath smells fruity Physical Appearance Color: Pale Transparency: Clear pH: 5.0 Specific gravity (refractometer): 1.029 Specific gravity...
A 60-year-old man with a history of alcoholism is seen in an urgent care clinic; he complains of extreme pain in his upper abdomen. He has been experiencing pain on and off for the past 10 days. Now he is yellow (jaundice) and feels extremely ill. He also mentions that his stool specimens have lost their normal color and look like clay. Blood is drawn for testing and urine collected for urinalysis. The following urinalysis results were obtained: Physical Appearance...
Case Study #4 year-old boy has a history of several infections in the past few months. He is now very ethargic and swollen, with generalized edema. He tells his mother that his urine is very foamy when he urinates and that he feels "awful." He is seen by his pediatrician, and urinalysis is performed with the following results: Physical Appearance Color: Pale Transparency: Cloudy Chemical Screening pH: 6.0 Specific gravity: 1.010 Protein (reagent strip): >2000 mg/dL Blood: Trace Nitrite: Negative...
Case Study #2 An 8-year-old girl complains of feeling like she needs to urinate all the time. Her urine burms when she does void, and it is cloudy, She is seen at her pediatrician's office, where urine is collected for routine urinalysis and culture. The following urinalysis results were obtained Physical Appearance Color: Pale Transparency: Cloudy PH: 7.5 Specific gravity: 1.010 Protein (reagent strip): Trace Blood: Negative Nitrite: Positive Leukocyte esterase: Positive Glucose: Negative Ketones: Negative Bilirubin: Negative Urobilinogen: Normal...
Qn based on the laboratory data what is a likely diagnosis for this patient? Question 2 How does this patient ‘s condition differ from the conditions of other patients who might have similar laboratory findings? Case Study #1 udent health service. A A 20-year-old female college student with a sore throat is seen in the st throat swab is cultured with an intramuscular injection of pen and reported positive for group A β-hemolytic streptococci. She is treated icillin. Two weeks...
Case Study #3 A 4S year-old man has been a paraplegic since being involved in a motorcycle accidemt 20 years ago. He has a history of recurrent UTIs as a result of infection fron an seeks The following routine urinalysis results were obtained Physical Appearance severe back pain, with fever, chills, and vomiting. He has been exposed to "the flu" and medical attention. A midstream urine specimen is collected for examination and culture Color: Yellow Transparency: Cloudy Chemical Screening pH:...
Case A urine specimen is collected from a 7-year-old girl with a history of several recent infections. She is seen because of lethargy, pallor, and facial edema and is found to have generalized edema. The urine specimen is pale but noticeably foamy. Urinalysis Results: Physical Appearance: color: pale transparency: hazy foam: Chemical Screening: large quantity, white pH: 6 specific gravity: 1.010 protein (strip) >2000 mg/dL protein (SSA) 4+ blood negative nitrite negative leukocyte esterase negative glucose negative ketones negative bilirubin...
Urinalysis Case 6-5 Sean F., a 25-year-old man, was brought to the emergency room with severe crush injuries sustained in a car accident. He had a broken pelvis and right femur and numerous abrasions and contusions. A routine urinalysis was ordered as part of the regular preoperative blood work. (sce Table 6-5). Table 6-5 Urinalysis and Chemistry Urinalysis Sean F. Reference Range Macroscopic Color Appearance Specific gravity Brown Clear Colorless to amber Clear 1.001-1.035 5-7 1.013 6.0 pH Nes Protein...
A 20-year-old female college student with a sore throat is seen in the student health service. A throat swab is cultured and reported positive for group A b-hemolytic streptococci. She is treated with an intramuscular injection of penicillin. Two weeks later, she wakes up in the morning and finds that she has decreased urine volume, and her urine is dark red. She also has a fever and swelling in her feet. She returns to the student health service, where urine...