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Good Good 1 Good 2 Good 2 (a) An individual opportunity set (b) A social production possibilities frontier Below, you see an individual opportunity set and a social production possibilities frontier. Why is the social PPF bowed out, while the individual opportunity set is a straight line?
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Answer #1

The production possibility frontier shows all the combination of two goods that can be produced with the given level resources. The shape of the PPF actually shows the nature of the opportunity costs, in the first graph the production possibility curve is a straight line and it means there is constant opportunity costs. On the PPF the opportunity cost for moving one combination of goods to other is constant.

The bowed PPF shows the increasing opportunity costs, the opportunity cost for moving from one point to another point will be increasing.

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