Question

Why are renin levels increased during fluid deficit? Why does decreased serum albumin result in edema? Why is an isotonic IV used to replace fluid lost to hemorrhage? Why does inhibition of ADH result in increased serum osmolarity? . Why does urine output increase with BNP release? Why does sodium retention increase the likelihood of edema? Why is a hypertonic IV solution used to reduce brain swelling?

Answer 1

1. During restriction of the water the plasma concentration of renin, protein and sodium rise with aldosterone level were low or undetectable plasma potassium levels are unchanged.

2. Edema is caused due to decrease in oncotic pressure when albumin is low hence causing the low swum anion gap were by pooling of fluids towards the extremity present

3. Hypertonic solution is infused in patients with hemorrhage as this will be increasing the intravascular volume with small amount of fluids.

4. Circulating ADH stimulates receptors of kidney and blood vessels. It increases the water permeability in the final portion of distal tube and collecting tube of the nephrons resulting in the water retention.