Question

Week 2 Learning Activity 1: Aways a Chance

A day before the $1+ billion Mega Million lottery, a news commentator noted that the odds of winning are astronomical, but there is always a chance. There may indeed be a minuscule chance to win, but the poorest people partake more, transfers of funds to societal programs (education) are questionable, and participation may be addictive. Using the appropriate ethical theories, support and/or criticize lotteries (see chapter 3 in readings).

Week 2 Learning Activity 2: To Bribe or Not to Bribe.

Cultural relativism argues that there are no universal rights and wrong, but rather that values and morals are culture specific. Moral universalism suggest that there are global standards and values that apply in all societies.

In the US, bribes are considered unethical and are illegal. The US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) makes it illegal for US companies to bribe to obtain and maintain businesses in foreign countries. See https://ethicalrealism.wordpress.com/2011/05/11/moral-issues-facing-employees/

What is your opinion about the payment of bribes in international business? Utilize cultural relativism or moral universalism or other theories to support your position. Have you ever had to pay money to facilitate a transaction?

Answer 1

International business is a commercial transaction across the world. It facilitate the people of particular country to use the product and services of other countries. International business is an outcome of globalisation It facilitate the countries to earn foreign exchange.

When a large corporation decides to enter a foreign market, it must usually vulnerable a number of licenses, permits, registrations, or other government approvals. Certain types of business may be even be impossible or illegal unless the corporation is first able to obtain a modify or adjustment to the nation’s laws or regulations.Bribery in any form must be considered bad and unprincipled. sum of bribes in international business is resorting to unfair and decadent means to gain business. Every business must maintain certain decorum and ethics while doing business and must follow the standard norms and procedures to crack deals. This can be considered as a principle of moral universalism as it is applicable for all businesses, regardless of the customs or the nature of business

Any act of bribery in global operations gets wedged by the legal system and strict penalizing measures are levied on such a business.Let consider the example in January 2010 Alcatel agreed to pay Costa Rica US $10 million in reparations for social damage caused by Alcatel’s payment of US$2.5 million in bribes to get a contract to provide mobile phone services in that country. This case is notable for its application of the concept of social damage and the resulting order of compensation to the citizens of Costa Rica.

Cultural relativism is that a personnel beliefs, principles, and practices should understood based on that person's own culture, apart from the judgement against the criteria of another. we should understand cultural practices of other people.

Moral universalism is the some system of ethics, or a universal ethic, applies commonly, that is, for all similarly situated individuals. Regardless of culture, race, sex, nationality, or any other.^[ Many forms of universalism, such as utilitarianism, are non-absolutist, and some forms, such as that of Isaiah Berlin.

It is common that some of the places we have to pay the money for some services even when it is provided by the govt.