Question

ARTICULATIONS "Handout" II. D. Types of synovial joints TYPE DESCRIPTION OF BONY SURFACES AXES OF MOTION 2 EXAMPLES opposing flat surfaces spool in half-moon pointed or rounded surface of one bone fits into bone/ligament ring of another oval surface of one bone fits into complementary depression of another saddle on back of horse ball-shaped end of one bone fits into cup-shaped end of another IV. Movements at synovial joints Complete the following chart, defining each movement and naming a joint (not a joint "type") at which the movement occurs NAMED JOINT MOVEMENT DEFINITION Gliding very slight sliding motions Flexion Extension Hyperextension Lateral flexion Abduction Adduction Circumduction Medial rotation Joints- Page 3 of 4 MOVEMENT NAMED JOINT DEFINITION Lateral rotation Elevation Depression Retraction (of mandible) Protraction (of mandible) Intertarsal Inversion Intertarsal Eversion Dorsiflexion Plantarflexion Supination Pronation Carpal-1 metacarpal Opposition

Answer 1

Types of synovial joints.

Type	Description	Axes of motion	2 Examples
Plane Joint	Opposing flat surface	Multiaxial, all directions	acromioclavicular joint, carpals of the wrist
Hinge Joint	Spool in half moon	Flexion and extension in one plane	humerus and ulna joint., interphalangeal joints of hand.
Pivot Joint	Pointed or rounded surface of one bone fits into bone or ligament ring of another.	Rotation motion in all planes.	Atlanto-axial joint, distal radioulnar joint
Condyloid	Oval surface of one bone fits into complementary depression of another	movement within two axes, passive secondary movement may be seen on a third axis.	Wrist joint, metacarpophalangeal joint.
Saddle Joint	Saddle on back of horse	Similar to condyloid with greater movement.	sternoclavicular joint, carpometacarpal
Ball and Socket	Ball shaped end of one bone fits into the cup shaped end of another.	All movements possible in all planes (except gliding)	Shoulder and Hip joints.

Movements at synovial joints

Movement	Definition	Named Joint
Gliding	Occur between two flat bones held by ligaments	Elbow hinge
Flexion	Movement that decreases the angle between the bone and the joints	Knee hinge
Extension	Straightening a joint	Upper movement of the humerus at the shoulder joint.
Hyperextension	Joint can move beyond its normal range	Knee joint
Lateral Flexion	Active or passive movement in a lateral direction	Spine
Abduction	Movement towards the body's midline	Raising arms with movement at the shoulder joint.
Adduction	Movement towards the body's midline	Lowering arms with movement at the shoulder joint.
Circumduction	Conical movement which is a combination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction.	Rotating arms and legs at the shoulder and hip joints respectively.
Medial Rotation	Rotation movement towards the midline	Twisting your feet towards the central point of your body
Lateral rotation	Rotation movement away from the midline	Twisting your feet away from the central point of your body
Elevation	Upward movement of body structures	Elevation of shoulder joints
Depression	Downward movement of body structures	Lowering the shoulder joints.
Retraction (mandible)	Horizontal movement of the lower jaw towards your neck	Lower jaw
Protraction (mandible)	Horizontal movement of the lower jaw away from your neck	Lower jaw
Inversion	Tilting motion towards the midline	Intertarsal
Eversion	Tilting motion away from the midline	Intertarsal
Dorsiflexion	Forward flexion towards the body	Moving the foot with toes pointing towards the sky at the ankle joint.
Plantarflexion	Backward flexion away from the body	Moving the foot with toes pointing away from the body at the ankle joint
Supination	Rotation motion with palms facing upwards	Proximal radioulnar joint
Pronation	Rotation motion with palms facing downwards	Proximal radioulnar joint
Opposition	Brings the tip of the thumb in contact with the tip of the index finger	1st metacarpal