Question

For each structure below, provide the common name (which happens to be the official IUPAC name) Spelling counts. a) b) OH OH NH2 c) d)

Answer 1

Concepts and reason

The concept used is to name the given compounds.

Fundamentals

The naming of a chemical compound is done by following the IUPAC rules for nomenclature.

In order to name a chemical organic compound, certain rules have to be followed. These rules are IUPAC rules.

The IUPAC rules for nomenclature are as follows:

Identify the longest chain in the compound. It is the parent chain.

Number the chain so that the functional groups/substituents are given the first priority.

List the substituents. Group them and arrange in alphabetical order along with the position.

Combine the substituents along with the position to the parent name of the compound.

When the two groups are on the 1,2 carbons of a benzene ring, it is ortho-position or abbreviated as o-.

When the two groups are on the 1,3-carbons of a benzene ring, it is meta-position or abbreviated as m-.

When the two groups are on the 1,4-carbons of a benzene ring, it is para-position or abbreviated as p-.

1.

The given compound is as follows:

Its common name (also official IUPAC name) is toluene.

The given compound is as follows:

Its common name (also official IUPAC name) is benzoic acid.

The given compound is as follows:

Its common name (also official IUPAC name) is phenol.

The given compound is as follows:

Its common name (also official IUPAC name) is aniline.

2.

The given compound is as follows:

The parent chain is a six membered aromatic ring with alternating double bonds. Hence, the parent name is benzene.

There is an ethyl substituent on the benzene ring.

Combine the parent name with the substituent.

The name of the given compound is ethylbenzene.

3.

The given compound is as follows:

The parent chain is a six membered aromatic ring with alternating double bonds. Hence, the parent name is benzene.

There is a chloro group on the benzene ring.

Combine the parent name with the substituent.

The name of the given compound is chlorobenzene.

4.

The given compound is as follows:

The parent chain is a six membered aromatic ring with alternating double bonds. Hence, the parent name is benzene.

Number the chain so that the substituents get the lowest priority.

There are two bromo groups at C1 and C2.

Combine the parent name with the substituent.

The name of the given compound is 1,2-dibromobenzene.

The two bromo groups are on 1,2-positions. So, it is ortho- position.

Ans:

Therefore, the given compound is toluene.

Therefore, the given compound is benzoic acid.

Therefore, the given compound is phenol.

Therefore, the given compound is aniline.

Part 2

Therefore, the given compound is ethylbenzene.

Part 3

Therefore, the given compound is chlorobenzene.

Part 4

Therefore, the given compound is 1,2-dibromobenzene or ortho-dibromobenzene or o-dibromobenzene.