Question

Identify the intermolecular forces present in each of these substances... HCl, He, CO, HF Match these to the correct groups below

1. Hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole and dispersion
2. Dipole-dipole and dispersion only
3. Dispersion only

Answer 1

General guidance

Concepts and reason

The forces of attraction present in between the molecules or atoms or compounds is termed as intermolecular forces.

In the given question, different molecules and atoms are mentioned so find the correct interactions present in them.

Fundamentals

The dipole-dipole interactions are present in polar molecules due to opposite charge attractions. These are strong forces due to attraction between opposite charges.

Dispersion forces are the weakest forces which are present in between all molecules or atoms.

Hydrogen bonding are strong and exhibited by the molecules with an O-H, N-H or H-F bond.

Step-by-step

Step 1 of 4

The interactions present in ${\\rm{HCl}}$are dipole-dipole interactions and dispersion forces.

The intermolecular forces present in ${\\rm{HCl}}$are as follows:

O Hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole and dispersion Dipole-dipole and dispersion only O Dispersion only

Explanation | Common mistakes | Hint for next step

The molecule ${\\rm{HCl}}$ is composed of hydrogen and chlorine atom. There is high difference in electronegativities therefore, it is polar in nature. There is no hydrogen bonding in it but it exhibits dispersion forces.

Step 2 of 4

The interactions present in ${\\rm{He}}$ is dispersion forces.

The intermolecular forces present in [{ m{He}}]are as follows:

O Hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole and dispersion Dipole-dipole and dispersion only O Dispersion only

Explanation | Hint for next step

The atom ${\\rm{He}}$ is having dispersion forces only.

Step 3 of 4

The interactions present in ${\\rm{CO}}$are dipole-dipole interactions and dispersion forces.

The intermolecular forces present in [{ m{CO}}]are as follows:

O Hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole and dispersion Dipole-dipole and dispersion only O Dispersion only

Explanation | Common mistakes | Hint for next step

The molecule ${\\rm{CO}}$ is composed of carbon and oxygen atom. There is high difference in electronegativities therefore, it is polar in nature and exhibits dipole nature. It also has dispersion forces. There is no hydrogen in this molecule, so hydrogen bonding doesn\u2019t not exist.

Step 4 of 4

The interactions present in ${\\rm{HF}}$are hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions and dispersion forces.

The intermolecular forces present in [{ m{HF}}]are as follows:

O Hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole and dispersion O Dipole-dipole and dispersion only Dispersion only

The molecule ${\\rm{HF}}$ is composed of hydrogen and fluorine atom. There is high difference in electronegativities therefore, it is polar in nature. It also has hydrogen bonding and dispersion forces.

Answer

The intermolecular forces present in ${\\rm{HCl}}$are as follows:

O Hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole and dispersion O Dipole-dipole only Dispersion only

The intermolecular forces present in [{ m{He}}]are as follows:

O Hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole and dispersion O Dipole-dipole and dispersion only Dispersion only

The intermolecular forces present in [{ m{CO}}]are as follows:

O Hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole and dispersion O Dipole-dipole and dispersion only Dispersion only

The intermolecular forces present in [{ m{HF}}]are as follows:

Hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole and dispersion O Dipole-dipole and dispersion only O Dispersion only

Answer only

The intermolecular forces present in ${\\rm{HCl}}$are as follows:

O Hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole and dispersion O Dipole-dipole only Dispersion only

The intermolecular forces present in [{ m{He}}]are as follows:

O Hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole and dispersion O Dipole-dipole and dispersion only Dispersion only

The intermolecular forces present in [{ m{CO}}]are as follows:

O Hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole and dispersion O Dipole-dipole and dispersion only Dispersion only

The intermolecular forces present in [{ m{HF}}]are as follows:

Hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole and dispersion O Dipole-dipole and dispersion only O Dispersion only