Question

In C++

Create an inheritance hierarchy that a bank might use to represent customers’ bank accounts. All customers at this bank can deposit (i.e., credit) money into their accounts and withdraw (i.e., debit) money from their accounts. More specific types of accounts also exist. Savings accounts, for instance, earn interest on the money they hold. Checking accounts, on the other hand, charge a fee per transaction (i.e., credit or debit). Create an inheritance hierarchy containing base class Account and derived classes SavingsAccount and CheckingAccount that inherit from class Account. Base class Account should include one data member of type double to represent the account balance. The class should provide a constructor that receives an initial balance and uses it to initialize the data member. The constructor should validate the initial balance to ensure that it’s greater than or equal to 0.0. If not, the balance should be set to 0.0 and the constructor should display an error message, indicating that the initial balance was invalid. The class should provide three member functions. Member function credit should add an amount to the current balance. Member function debit should withdraw money from the Account and ensure that the debit amount does not exceed the Account’s balance. If it does, the balance should be left unchanged and the function should print the message "Debit amount exceeded account balance." Member function getBalance should return the current balance. Derived class SavingsAccount should inherit the functionality of an Account, but also include a data member of type double indicating the interest rate (percentage) assigned to the Account. SavingsAccount’s constructor should receive the initial balance, as well as an initial value for the SavingsAccount’s interest rate. SavingsAccount should provide a public member function calculateInterest that returns a double indicating the amount of interest earned by an account. Member function calculateInterest should determine this amount by multiplying the interest rate by the account balance. [Note: SavingsAccount should inherit member functions credit and debit as is without redefining them.] Derived class CheckingAccount should inherit from base class Account and include an additional data member of type double that represents the fee charged per transaction. CheckingAccount’s constructor should receive the initial balance, as well as a parameter indicating a fee amount. Class CheckingAccount should redefine member functions credit and debit so that they subtract the fee from the account balance whenever either transaction is performed successfully. CheckingAccount’s versions of these functions should invoke the base-class Account version to perform the updates to an account balance. CheckingAccount’s debit function should charge a fee only if money is actually withdrawn (i.e., the debit amount does not exceed the account balance). [Hint: Define Account’s debit function so that it returns a bool indicating whether money was withdrawn. Then use the return value to determine whether a fee should be charged.] After defining the classes in this hierarchy, write a program that creates objects of each class and tests their member functions. Add interest to the SavingsAccount object by first invoking its calculateInterest function, then passing the returned interest amount to the object’s credit function.

Answer 1

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

// Creating base class Account

class Account

{

private:

// Declaring variables

double balance;

public:

// parameterized constructor

Account(double balance)

{

if (balance > 0.0)

{

this->balance = balance;

}

else

{

this->balance = 0.0;

cout << "** Initial balance was invalid **" << endl;

}

}

// Function declarations

void credit(double amount);

bool debit(double amount);

double getBalance();

void setBalance(double amt);

};

/* Function implementation

* which gets current balance

*/

double Account::getBalance()

{

return this->balance;

}

void Account::setBalance(double amt)

{

this->balance = amt;

}

void Account::credit(double amount)

{

balance+=amount;

}

bool Account::debit(double amount)

{

if(balance>=amount)

{

balance-=amount;

return true;

}

else

{

return false;

}

}

// Creating the sub class derived from Base class Account

class SavingsAccount : public Account

{

private:

// Declaring variables

double rate;

public:

// parameterized constructor

SavingsAccount(double balance, double rate)

: Account(balance)

{

this->rate = rate;

}

// Function declarations

double calculateInterest();

// Function declarations

void credit(double amount);

bool debit(double amount);

};

/* Function implementation

* which calculates the interest amount

*/

double SavingsAccount::calculateInterest()

{

return getBalance() * (rate / 100);

}

/* Function implementation

* which adds money to the current balance

*/

void SavingsAccount::credit(double amt)

{

double interest = calculateInterest();

setBalance(getBalance() + amt + interest);

cout << "Account Balance after credit :$" << getBalance() << endl;

}

/* Function implementation

* which subtract money to the current balance

*/

bool SavingsAccount::debit(double amount)

{

if (amount > getBalance())

{

cout << "Debit amount exceeded account balance." << endl;

return false;

}

else

{

setBalance(getBalance() - amount);

return true;

}

}

// Creating a Checking Account class derivied from Account class

class CheckingAccount : public Account

{

private:

double feePerTx;

public:

// parameterized constructor

CheckingAccount(double balance, double feePerTx)

: Account(balance)

{

this->feePerTx = feePerTx;

}

// Function declarations

void credit(double amount);

bool debit(double amount);

};

/* Function implementation

* which adds money to the current balance

*/

void CheckingAccount::credit(double amount)

{

setBalance(amount - feePerTx);

}

/* Function implementation

* which subtract money to the current balance

*/

bool CheckingAccount::debit(double amount)

{

double amt = (amount + feePerTx);

if (!Account::debit(amt))

{

cout << "Debit amount exceeded account balance." << endl;

return false;

}

else

{

Account::debit(amt);

return true;

}

}

int main()

{

//Declaring variables

double damt,camt;

  

//Creating Instances of SavingsAccount class and CheckingAccount class

SavingsAccount sa1(50000, 7);

CheckingAccount ca1(65000, 2);

  

damt=20000;

camt=45000;

//Performing transactions on SavingsAccount

cout<<"__Savings Account__"<<endl;

cout<<"Account Balance :$"<<sa1.getBalance()<<endl;

sa1.debit(damt);

cout << "Account Balance After Debit $"<<damt<<" is :$"<< sa1.getBalance() << endl;

sa1.credit(camt);

cout << "Account Balance After Credit $"<<camt<<" is :$"<< sa1.getBalance() << endl;

cout<<"-----------------"<<endl;

  

//Performing transactions on CheckingAccount

cout<<"__Checking Account__"<<endl;

cout<<"Account Balance :$"<<ca1.getBalance()<<endl;

ca1.debit(damt);

cout << "Account Balance After Debit $"<<damt<<" is :$"<< ca1.getBalance() << endl;

ca1.credit(camt);

cout << "Account Balance After Credit $"<<camt<<" is :$"<< ca1.getBalance() << endl;

cout<<"-----------------"<<endl;

  

return 0;

}

__________________

Output:

CProgram Files (x86) Dev-Cpp\MinGW64)bin AccountSavingsCheckingCreditDebitTransactionFe... Savings Account Account Balance :S50000 Account Balance After Debit $20000 is :30000 Account Balance after credit 545009 is :$7180 Account Balance After Credit $45000 is :$77100 _Checking Account Account Balance :65000 Account Balance After Debit $20000 is :$24996 Account Balance After Credit $45000 is $44998 Process exited after 0.02832 seconds with return value E Press any key to continue . - .

________________Thank You