Question

Answer these correctly please, thanks!

LAB REPORT 31 Nam Respiratory Structures Section checklist for your study of the human model and the shore luck. Use your textbook for help with the this tableasach that asks for functions. Pluck Structure Functions) Naual cavity Nasal septum Nes internal, external Hard palate Sart palate Cache: superior, middle inferior Purnal sinuses: maxillary. frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid Nesopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx Laryngeal cartilages Vestibular folds TOODOO O OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO Vocal folds Trachea Primary bronchi Secondary bronchi Tertiary bronchi Lungs: lobes, lobules Pleurae: visceral. parietal Bronchioles Terminal bronchioles Respiratory bronchioles Alveolar ducts Alveoli

Answer 1

1.Nasal cavity

Human

Functions

The function of the nasal cavity is to warm, moisturize, and filter air entering the body before it reaches the lungs. Hairs and mucus lining the nasal cavity help to trap dust, mold, pollen and other environmental contaminants before they can reach the inner portions of the body. Air exiting the body through the nose returns moisture and heat to the nasal cavity before being exhaled into the environment.

Nasal septum

The nasal septum divides the nose into two narrow tubes instead of one large one. This does 2 things. It makes the pressure to move the air higher and moves the air farther and since it is so narrow the air is close to the tissue and is heated, humidified and filtered. This would not happen with an airway with a large diameter.

External nares, or nostrils, perform the basic function of being the passageway through which oxygen enters the body.

Choana (Internal Naris)

A choana (plural: choanae) is one of the two apertures at the back of the nasal cavity that opens into the nasopharynx, the open space behind the nasal cavity in the airways.

Hard palate

The objective of the hard palate is both feeding and speech.

Soft palate

The soft palate is multi-functional and aids speech and the pronunciation of velar consonants along with the dorsum of the tongue. When swallowing, it rises to close the nasal passages and prevent any food or liquid from entering into the nasal cavity. It does the same thing for the larynx when sneezing. The uvula helps produce the gag reflex when touched.

Conchae

Function

Along with the superior and middle nasal conchae, the inferior nasal concha works to filter, humidify, and warm the air that we breathe preventing cold air from reaching the lungs. The nasal conchae are able to accomplish this by increasing the surface area of the nasal cavities.

Additionally, these bones are lined with mucous membranes containing cilia. Cilia are tiny hairs that function to sweep mucus and filtered debris towards the nasopharynx where it can be swallowed, (rather than entering the lungs).

Functions of paranasal sinuses

The function of the paranasal sinuses is debated. However, they are implicated in several roles:

• Decreasing the relative weight of the skull

• Increasing the resonance of the voice

• Providing a buffer against facial trauma

• Insulating sensitive structures from rapid temperature fluctuations in the nose

• Humidifying and heating inspired air

• Immunological defense

Functions of the Nasopharynx

In Respiration: It is the part of the pharynx involved in respiration, working with the nasal cavity, larynx and the rest of the airways during breathing. Due to the presence of the ciliated respiratory epithelium, the nasopharynx also plays a role in purifying and conditioning the inhaled air before letting it move further down the respiratory tract .

For Fighting Infections: The lymphatic tissues and adenoids in the nasopharynx function as part of the immune system, with white blood cells circulating through them to fight infections and harmful foreign particles .

As a Drainage System: The middle ear communicates with the nasopharynx through the Eustachian tube , which drains all middle ear secretions into the latter. The nasopharynx also serves as the drainage channel for lymphatic fluids produced due to the purification of air, and from the functioning of the adenoids.

Functions of oropharynx

The most important functions of the oral cavity and oropharynx are their roles in prehension, mastication, bolus formation, and deglutition or swallowing.

Functions of laryngopharynx

The laryngopharynx is where both food and air pass. It can be found between the hyoid bone and the larynx and esophagus, which helps guide food and air where to go.

Functions of laryngeal cartilage

There are nine cartilages located within the larynx; three unpaired, and six paired. They form the laryngeal skeleton, which provides rigidity and stability.

Functions of vestibular folds

The vestibular folds of the larynx play a significant role in the maintenance of the laryngeal functions of breathing and preventing food and drink from entering the airway during swallowing. They aid phonation (speech) by suppressing dysphonia.

Functions of vocal folds

• To protect the airway from choking on material in the throat
• To regulate the flow of air into our lungs
• The production of sounds used for speech.

Functions of trachea

. Air conduction

The primary function of the trachea is to provide air passage to your lungs for respiration, i.e. to inhale air rich in oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide.

2. Protection

The lining of the trachea has a sticky mucous lining that traps foreign substances.

These trapped substances are expelled upwards and can either be excreted from the body as phlegm or swallowed in the esophagus.

If a foreign object accidentally gets into the trachea, the ciliary cells get irritated and induce coughing to expel the object.

3. Thermoregulation

When the air is cold, the trachea helps to humidify and warm the air entering the lungs.

When the air is hot, heat is carried away in exhaled air through evaporation of water.

Functions of primary bronchi

The main function of the primary bronchi is to carry oxygen-rich air reach the lungs during inhalation and let carbon dioxide-rich air out of the lungs and into the trachea on its way out during exhalation . It is the connection between the rest of the respiratory tract and the lungs.

Its cartilaginous walls help in maintaining its shape during breathing, preventing it from collapsing, while the mucus lining, along with cilia keeps any foreign particles (like dust) from entering the lungs

.

Secondary Bronchi Function

The three secondary or lobar bronchi of the right lung act as the passage for air to the superior, middle, and inferior lobes of the right lung. There are only two secondary bronchi in the left lung as there are only two lobes to supply, the superior and inferior lobes .

Tertiary Bronchi Function

These supply air to the bronchopulmonary segments. There are ten bronchopulmonary segments in the right lung, so it has ten tertiary bronchi , while the left lung has eight tertiary bronchi to serve each of its eight bronchopulmonary segments.

Functions of pleurae

The Pleura are membranes of the thoracic cavity. There are two pleura, the parietal and the visceral. The parietal pleura lines the inner surface of the thoracic cavity and ribcage. The visceral pleura line the lungs. The pleura secrete a fluid that fills the pleural space between the lungs and ribcage to reduce the friction created by the movement of the lungs during inhalation and exhalation.

Functions of bronchioles

The function of the bronchioles is to ensure that incoming air is supplied to each alveolus.

Functions of alveolar duct

The alveolar ducts assist the alveoli in their function. Alveoli are extremely tiny and therefore can only handle gas exchange when air arrives there at a certain pressure, and in a certain amount. The alveolar ducts collect the air that has been inhaled and transported through the tract and disperse it to the alveoli, in the alveolar sac that they feed into.

After gas has been exchanged by the aveoli, then the alveolar duct collects the carbondi oxide need to be exhale.

Function of alveoli

The function of the alveoli is to get oxygen into the blood stream for transport to the tissues, and to remove carbon dioxide from the blood stream.