Question

• Describe and discuss transmission, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS.

Answer 1

Transmission

• This infection is transmitted in the following ways

1. During g child delivery from mother to baby
2. Unprotected intercourse
3. Needle stick injury
4. Blood and its products transfusion

Pathogenesis

The virus enters the nest through one of the four methods and enters the blood stream ,in order to fight this the immune response is triggered ,this leads to rise in body temperature, b0dy pain and gradually loss of weight.The CD4 count decreases which leads to active and multiple opportunistic infections. In certain cases it can affect the cells and cause carcinoma.

Manifestation

• GIT:nausea,vomiting,diarrhea ,dysphagia,ulcers in oral cavity, white plaques in mouth,oral thrush, sore ttr8at
• CNS:fever, headache
• Night sweats
• Pneumonia
• Skin rash,redness

Treatment

• Antiretroviral therapy when one has a CD4 count if less than 350 microlitre
• Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy can prevent the detoriation
• Surgery to remove any cancer of the body parts

Prevention

• Avoiding unprotected intercourse with unknown persons
• Abstinence if partner is infected
• Cesarean incase if a women is pregnant to avoid transmission to child.
• Proper disposal of needles in healthcare sector
• Education to general public
• Regular screening if at risk