Direct Materials, Direct Labor, and Factory Overhead Cost Variance Analysis
Mackinaw Inc. processes a base chemical into plastic. Standard costs and actual costs for direct materials, direct labor, and factory overhead incurred for the manufacture of 74,000 units of product were as follows:
| Standard Costs | Actual Costs | |
|---|---|---|
| Direct materials | 251,600 lbs. at $5.40 | 249,100 lbs. at $5.20 |
| Direct labor | 18,500 hrs. at $17.30 | 18,930 hrs. at $17.70 |
| Factory overhead | Rates per direct labor hr., | |
| based on 100% of normal | ||
| capacity of 19,310 direct | ||
| labor hrs.: | ||
| Variable cost, $4.80 | $87,910 variable cost | |
| Fixed cost, $7.60 | $146,756 fixed cost |
Each unit requires 0.25 hour of direct labor.
Required:
a. Determine the direct materials price variance, direct materials quantity variance, and total direct materials cost variance. Enter a favorable variance as a negative number using minus sign and an unfavorable variance as a positive number.
Direct Materials Price Variance
Direct Materials Quantity Variance
Total Direct Materials Cost Variance
b. Determine the direct labor rate variance, direct labor time variance, and total direct labor cost variance. Enter a favorable variance as a negative number using a minus sig and an unfavorable variance as a positive number.
Direct Labor Rate Variance
Direct Labor Time Variance
Total Direct Labor Cost Variance
c. Determine the variable factory overhead controllable variance, fixed factory overhead volume variance, and total factory overhead cost variance. Enter a favorable variance as a negative number using a minus sign and an unfavorable variance as a positive number.
Variable factory overhead controllable variance
Fixed factory overhead volume variance
Total factory overhead cost variance
| Variance analysis is a technical jargon to explain a situation where actual result differs from planned |
| or expected results. It is an act of comparing standards with actual. The study of variances help in |
| decision making and finding out the major areas which needs immediate attention. |
| MAckinaw Inc. |
| Variances |
| MPV = ( SP - AP ) * AQ purchased |
| MPV = ( 5.40 - 5.2 ) * 249100 = $ 49820 ( favourable ) |
| MQV = ( SQ - AQ ) SP |
| MQV = ( 251600 - 249100 ) * 5.40 = $ 13500 ( favourable ) |
| Total DM cost variance = MPV + MQV = 49820 + 13500 = 63320 ( favourable ) |
| LRV = ( SR - AR ) AH |
| LRV = ( 17.3 - 17.7 ) 18930 = $ 7572 (UN- Favourable) |
| LEV = ( SH - AH ) SR |
| LEV = ( 18500 - 18930 ) 17.3 = $ 7439 ( unfavourable) |
| Total DL cost variance = LRV + LEV = 7572 + 7439 = 15011 ( unfavourable ) |
| VOH controllable varaince = Standard cost allowed - Actual variable OH cost |
| 74000 * 0.25 * 4.80 - 87910 = $ 890 ( favourable ) |
| FOH Volume Variance = ( SH for Actual output - Budgeted hours ) * SR |
| ( 74000 * 0.25 - 19310 ) * 7.60 = $ 6156 ( favourable ) |
| Total factory OH cost variance = VOH controllable variance + FOH volume variance |
| 890 + 6156 = 7046 ( favourable ) |
Direct Materials, Direct Labor, and Factory Overhead Cost Variance Analysis