Question

Cardiac Test # 2 OBJECTIVES Respiratory test retention questions will be present Risk factors for CAD Modifiable and non-modifiable Unstable angina, stable angina and variant angina • SA node is known as what? What does a heart murmur indicate? Know your normal lab values for your total cholesterol, HDL, LDL know what the nurse is to do before administering digoxin medication What does the cardiac glycoside medications do? What does walking help do to a patient with a venous vascular disorder? Know the difference between arterial occlusion symptoms and venous What causes infective endocarditis Patient teaching for varicose veins What will fluid loss like diarrhea and emesis cause in relation to body fluids? Will it decrease or increase the blood viscosity? What is a characteristic of a HTN headache? Treatment of essential HTN Treatment of secondary HTN What do BP need to exceed in order to be diagnosed with HTN Dietary information in patient teaching for foods when taking non-K+ sparing diuretics What labs are we concerned of when taking Lasix What lifestyle changes as the greatest effect on reducing HTN REVIEW THE drug Aldomet and what happens if patient stops taking it abruptly In a HTN crisis what is the nurses priority in monitoring? First line of therapeutic approach in lowering a pts BP Which conditions are considered potential causes of secondary HTN Know thromboangitis obliterans (aka Buergers disease) know what arteries do and what veins do Know all the factors that affect blood flow know what poikilothermy is Common complication of diabetes is what? Signs/sx of aterial embolism • Signs/sx of intermittent claudication and what rest pain is from book) • Know what Raynaud disease is Know the blood flow of the heart! ! • Patient education for heart failure Most common symptom of CAD is? How many minutes does it take to produce irreversible tissue damage to the cardiac muscle Signs/sx of AMI Know what stasis dermatitis looks like and what it is What is the Allen test and why does it involve the radial artery? Discharge instructions for patients with Raynaud disease Patients at risk for heart failure

Answer 1

• Modifiable risk factors for CAD - smoking, high blood pressure, Diabetes mellitus, obesity, high blood cholesterol, less physical activity.

Non - modifiable risk factors- age, ethnic background, family history of heart disease.

• Angina is a chest discomfort which is caused by inadequate blood flow through the blood vessels of the heart.Stable angina also called angina lector is is a common type of angina occurs as a result of activity or emotional stress. Unstable angina occurs suddenly when the heart doesn’t get enough oxygen and blood flow. It may lead to heart attack. Variant angina occurs secondary to epicardial coronary artery spasm.
• Sino atrial node (SA) nose also called as Sinus node area group of cells in the wall of right atrium of the heart which spontaneously produce electrical impulse that helps in contraction of the heart muscles.
• Heart murmur is an unusual whooshing or swishing noise heard between heart beats. It may indicate a sign of congenital heart defect that is present since birth or heart valve disease.
• Normal value of cholesterol

Total cholesterol- <200mg/dl

LDL < 100mg/dl

100-129mg/dl —Healthy people

130-159mg/dl—Borderline high

160-189mg/dl—High

>190mg/dl—very high

HDL Cholesterol

>60mg/dl — Normal

41-59mg/dl— Borderline low

<40mg/FL— Major risk factor for heart disease

• Before administering digoxin, a nurse should monitor the apical pulse for one full minute. If the pulse rate is <60 beats per minute in adults,< 70 beats in children or 90 beats per minute in infant, withhold the dose. When there is changes in rate and rhythm of pulse report immediately.
• Cardiac glycoside medications increase the force of output of heart and its rate of contraction by acting on the cellular sodium and potassium ATpase pump.
• Walking improve the circulation and tones muscles in the legs. Helps to pump blood towards the heart. Thus walking helps the person with venous vascular disorder.
• Infective endocarditis is typically a bacterial infection caused by streptococci or staphylococci.
• Education given to person with varicose vein are regarding exercise, weight loss, elevating the legs while resting, avoid crossing legs while sitting and avoid long standing.