Question

Describe the Square of Opposition

a. What is categorical logic?

b. What is the purpose of the Square of Opposition?

c. Identify key features of the Square of Opposition.

d. Explain how the Square of Opposition is used to translate statements into standard-form claims and corresponding standard-form claims including description of the relationships that are depicted within the square.

Answer 1

a, Categorical logic:

Categorical logic is a branch of mathematics, in which tools and concept from category theory applied to the study of mathematics logic.

b) Purpose of square opposition:

Square opposition helps in visual display of logical relationship between the four standard form of categorical sentences.

C) key features:

1. Contrary:

Contrary relationship is partial opposition, that is at least one contrary must be false( but both might be)

2. Subcontrary:

Subcontrary is one of partial opposition, at least one of the subcontrary must be true, both might be.

3. Subalternation:

Sub alternation is one relationship in which inferences about truth value can be mad according to the arrows illustring the direction of truth.

d) square of opposition introduced with the classic logic to represent the licking relationship holding between certain preposition in virtue of their form.

A: Universal affirmative

E: Universal negative

I: Particular affirmative

O: Particular negative