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Suppose that X - (Xi,X2,....X) and Y- (Yi, Y2.., Ym) are random samples from continuous distributions F and G, respectively. Wilcoxons two-sample test statistic W- W(X, Y) is defined to be re R, is the rank of Y, in the combined sample
2. Show that W can be written as where U is the number of pairs (X,, Y,) with Xi < Y. In other words i if X, < Y, v-ΣΣΙ,j, I,,- where 0 otherwise. Hint: Let Yu), Y2),.... Ym) be the order statistics for the y-sample. Then U is the number of pairs (X, Yo) with X,< Y) For fired j, the number of X, with X, < Yo) is just the rank of Y) minus the number of Y^ with Yk < Y, that is R -j. Now sum Over j.]

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