A friend has disclosed that she has been having problems with heartburn. She has been told...
A friend has disclosed that she has been having problems with heartburn. She has been told that she has gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), in which stomach acid backs up into the esophagus, causing esophagitis.
1. What anatomic problem most likely leads to gastroesophageal reflux?
2. What is the injury in gastroesophageal reflux?
3. What would the acute inflammatory response look like?
4. Why might the condition become a chronic problem?
5. What pathophysiologic changes would most likely occur with chronic gastroesophagel reflux?
6. What would you expect for clinical manifestations?
7. What diagnostic tests might be used?
8. What treatment measures would you anticipate?
Homework Answers
Answer: The anatomic problem with the gastroesophageal reflux is the excretion of acid in the stomach more than normal which irritates the food pipe lining i.e. esophagus. Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) is caused by frequent acid reflux mainly which is caused when a circular band of muscle around the bottom of esophagus (lower esophageal sphincter) relaxes to allow food and liquid to flow into stomach. Then the sphincter closes again but the sphincter relaxes abnormally or weakens, stomach acid can flow back up into esophagus which irritates the walls and create problem. Acute inflammatory respose is a physical response or an injury to the tissues. Continous relex makes ulceration in the food pipe and hence makes chronic problem.
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