Question

Briefly describe the function of the nephron (filtration, resorption, secretion): If a patient has hypovolemia, how does ADH (antidiuretic hormone) correct this to a euvolemic (normal volume) state? Briefly describe the process:

Answer 1

Function of nephron : - A nephoon is the basic unit Structure in the kidney responsible for the formation of Urine. A healthy adult has 0.8 to 1.5 million nephsons in each kidney Filtration : + Filtration take place at glomerulus and it is largely passive. It depends on intra capillary blood pressure > One titth of plasma is filtered as the blood passer through the glomerular Capillaries - small size particles are filtered But blood proteine, sed blood celle, white blood cells and platelets are not filtered 2 Rescoption CM) Reabsorption : y Fluid in the filtrate entered into the proximal Convoluted tubule is reabrooked into the peritubular Capilaries + It contains too-third of filtered salt and water. 1. And also organic solutes such as grease and amino - aids 3. Secretion : * Troanster of materiale foon pesitubular Capillaries foom to the senat lumen. It is opposite podcers of Beabsomption. * It is a active process and passive diffusion Secretion includes waste products, creatinine , ions ... and other drugs

Anti-diuretic hormone : + Anti-diuretic hormone made by hopothalamus in the brain and stored by the posterior pitutary 1 gland. - Anti-diuretic hormone regulates and balances the amount of water in blood. * In hypovolemia patient has low fluid volume in blood - * But Anti-diuretic hormone alte on kidneys and Constantly regulates the amount of water in blood to maintain homeostasis. * Baroreceptors in the carotid sinus and left atria rrespond to decrease in pressure Cauted by decrease in effective circulating volume stimulated Apt) release, Cautes water without Sodium retention in kidneys