Question

Northwood Company manufactures basketballs. The company has a ball that sells for $25. At present, the ball is manufactured in a small plant that relies heavily on direct labor workers. Thus, variable expenses are high, totaling $15.00 per ball, of which 60% is direct labor cost.

Last year, the company sold 42,000 of these balls, with the following results:

Sales (42,000 balls)	$	1,050,000
Variable expenses		630,000
Contribution margin		420,000
Fixed expenses		266,000
Net operating income	$	154,000

Required:

1. Compute (a) last year's CM ratio and the break-even point in balls, and (b) the degree of operating leverage at last year’s sales level.

2. Due to an increase in labor rates, the company estimates that next year's variable expenses will increase by $3.00 per ball. If this change takes place and the selling price per ball remains constant at $25.00, what will be next year's CM ratio and the break-even point in balls?

3. Refer to the data in (2) above. If the expected change in variable expenses takes place, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $154,000, as last year?

4. Refer again to the data in (2) above. The president feels that the company must raise the selling price of its basketballs. If Northwood Company wants to maintain the same CM ratio as last year (as computed in requirement 1a), what selling price per ball must it charge next year to cover the increased labor costs?

5. Refer to the original data. The company is discussing the construction of a new, automated manufacturing plant. The new plant would slash variable expenses per ball by 40.00%, but it would cause fixed expenses per year to double. If the new plant is built, what would be the company’s new CM ratio and new break-even point in balls?

6. Refer to the data in (5) above.

a. If the new plant is built, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $154,000, as last year?

b. Assume the new plant is built and that next year the company manufactures and sells 42,000 balls (the same number as sold last year). Prepare a contribution format income statement and compute the degree of operating leverage.

Compute (a) last year's CM ratio and the break-even point in balls, and (b) the degree of operating leverage at last year’s sales level. (Round "Unit sales to break even" to the nearest whole unit and other answers to 2 decimal places.)

	CM Ratio % Unit sales to break even balls Degree of operating leverage

Due to an increase in labor rates, the company estimates that next year's variable expenses will increase by $3.00 per ball. If this change takes place and the selling price per ball remains constant at $25.00, what will be next year's CM ratio and the break-even point in balls? (Round "CM Ratio" to 2 decimal places and "Unit sales to break even" to the nearest whole unit.)

	CM Ratio % Unit sales to break even balls

Refer to the data in Required (2). If the expected change in variable expenses takes place, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $154,000, as last year? (Round your answer to the nearest whole unit.)

	Number of balls

Refer again to the data in Required (2). The president feels that the company must raise the selling price of its basketballs. If Northwood Company wants to maintain the same CM ratio as last year (as computed in requirement 1a), what selling price per ball must it charge next year to cover the increased labor costs? (Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)

	Selling price

Refer to the original data. The company is discussing the construction of a new, automated manufacturing plant. The new plant would slash variable expenses per ball by 40.00%, but it would cause fixed expenses per year to double. If the new plant is built, what would be the company’s new CM ratio and new break-even point in balls? (Round "CM Ratio" to 2 decimal places and "Unit sales to break even" to the nearest whole unit.)

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	CM Ratio % Unit sales to break even balls

If the new plant is built, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $154,000, as last year? (Round your answer to the nearest whole unit.)

	Number of balls

Assume the new plant is built and that next year the company manufactures and sells 42,000 balls (the same number as sold last year). Prepare a contribution format income statement and compute the degree of operating leverage. (Round "Degree of operating leverage" to 2 decimal places.)

	Northwood Company Contribution Income Statement Degree of operating leverage

Answer 1

1
CM Ratio = Contribution Margin / Sales Revenue
= $420000 / 1050000 = 40%

Break even point = Fixed Costs / Contribution margin per unit
= $266000/10 = 26600 balls

Degree of Operating Leverage = Contribution margin / Net Operating Income
= $420000/154000 = 2.73

2.
CM Ratio = $7/25 x 100 = 28%

Break even point = Fixed Costs / Contribution margin per unit
= $266000/7 = 38000 balls

3.
Units to earn profit = (Fixed Costs+Target Income) / Contribution margin per unit
= ($266000+154000)/7 = 60000 balls

4. Selling Price for same CM Ratio as in 1 = $18/60% = $30 per unit

As per HOMEWORKLIB RULES we are suppose to answer 4 parts, i have answered 4, so kindly post other parts separately