Question

CHAPTER 12: SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS: HIV/AIDS AND OTHER COMMUNICABLE CONDITIONS

Critical Thinking Exercise: Causes of Death Around the World

The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation reported that the topography of disease-related deaths has changed over many generations, and that different diseases, both communicable and noncommunicable, are starting to affect communities differently. Specifically, the researchers identify that the typical life expectancy has increased on a global scale, which means there are now different, previously unknown risks and causes of illness due to aging populations. Of specific interest the researchers mention that the “leading causes of death and disability have changed from communicable diseases in children to noncommunicable diseases in adults” (IME, 2013). The United States and other developed and industrialized nations have seen a stark reduction in maternal, nutritional, and premature child deaths. Third-world or underdeveloped nations, however, have seen a spike in communicable, maternal, nutritional and child related diseases. The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation implemented the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study to systematically address health concerns related to a number of demographic characteristics. The GBD 2010 study found an increased life expectancy of 35 years since 1970 for many industrialized nations, but negligible improvement in life expectancy in developing nations such as sub-Saharan Africa.

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As part of this exercise, check out the data presented in Figure 12.1: Top 10 Causes of Death. Review the data presented and interpret the findings in answering the following questions. Why is it important to research and understand the causes of death in various economies across the world?

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Compare and contrast the major causes of death for each of the four economic groups. What conclusions can you draw from this data?

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Those with higher income are more likely to live in more sanitary conditions and are more likely to receive vaccines, leading them to be at lower risk of communicable diseases. However, greater access to food and alcohol, as well as higher stress levels, could result in higher income economies being at greater risk for lifestyle related diseases, such as heart disease. Students may present alternative hypotheses for the patterns observed in the data. How are the graphs misleading in the presentation of the data on these causes of death for the four economic groups? Consider the x-axis and y-axis, as well as the colors used in this analysis. How could we use this information to improve upon these graphs?

Answer 1

Answer 1 of 3

it is important to research and understand the causes of death in various economies across the world because it has an impact on whole world health itself.

Systematically measuring the world health problems,disease estimates and their sequelae in different category of economically devoloped and non devoloped countries helps in policy implementation and monetory or resource allocation to combat the disease and their sequelae

E.g in high income group countries IHDs are the commonest causes of death whereas this is not the scenario in LIG countries,where LRTI ,a communicable disease,is the predominant causes of death .

So accordingly the combating armamentorium will be different in them.

Answer 2 of 3. The conclusion is

In the economically advanced countries, Lifestyle disorder disease, which is non communicable predominantly due to faulty diet and sedentary habits with stress ,no exercise occur

And in Low income group countries LRTI and Diarrhoea ,both are communicable diseases occur due to non-sanitization, Crowded unhygeinic environment,indoor pollution,open air defeacation, non existent sewerage system and uneducated, underprivileged population with meagre resource for education, vaccination and devolopment .Whereas Lower middle income group countries switched to lifestyle change diseases as maximum.

Answer 3 of 3.

The Color of the similar or same disease should be same.Say IHD or LRTI should be red in all the economical groups.

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