Question

Write a balanced equation for each the following pathways 1) Glycolysis 2) two examples of substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis 3) Pentose phosphate shunt

Answer 1

Answer:- 1) Glycolysis :- Glycolysis is defined as the sequence of reactions Converting glucose to pyruvate or lactate, with the production of ATP. This pathway is often referred to as Embden-Meyerhof Pathway in honour of the two biochemists for their contribution to the knowledge of glycolysis. Glycolysis occurs aerobically and also anaerobically. Lactate is the end product under anaerobic condition. In aerobic condition pyruvate is formed, which is then Oxidized to co, and Hgo. Balanced equation for Glycolysis pathway :- C6H12O6 + 2 NAD+ + ap + 2 ADP - > COOH 2 c=0 +QATP Glucose CH₃ Pyruvicaud .+ I NADH + ght

Substrate -level phosphorylation. to ATP byth Substrate level phosphorylation is whew App is ca Il by the direct transfer of Phosphate group without Examples of electron transport chain. ADP is converted group without the involvement The enzyme 1) In the Energy resulting phol te , The Energy generation phase of Glycolysis the espho glycerate kinase acts on 1,3 biphosphoglycerate the synthesis of ATP and formation of 3- phosphoglycerate a good example of substrate level phosphorylatim This step is cool & -o-P ADP + ATP HC-oh H-C-OH CH₂-O-P Phosphoglycerate kinase. cHo-o-P 13- Biphosphoglycerate 3. Phosphoglycerate Phosphoglycerate kimse reactions are Irreversible Substrate level phophorylation Example 2: In the energy generation phase of Glycolosis. 2) The Enzyme Pyruvate kinase catalytes the tranefer of highe energy phosphate from photphoend pyruvate to ADP leading to the formation of ATP coo Abp mg 2t ATP ADP mg - 7 coo C-OH 11 c-o-P CH2 phosphoenof pyruvate éta CHQ Ha Pyruvate Cenot)

- 3 pentose phosphate Shunt pathway: Glucose 6-phosphate + 2 NADP+ + 6H20 ribulose 5-phosphate of 2 NADPH + 2 H+ 6CO2