Question

Help!!! Don't understand anything

Read the following Consultation Report and answer the questions that follow. (l2pe) Consultation Note Day, Phyllis 5/25/x Med Record: P25882 HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: This 66-year-old former blackjack dealer is under evaluation for hyperparathyroidism. Surgery evidently has been recommended, but there is confusion as to how urgent this is. She has a 13-year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus, a history of shoulder pain, osteoarthitts of the spine, and peripheral vascular disease with claudication. She states her 548-pack/ year smoking history ended 3-1/2 years ago. Her first knowledge of parathyroid disease was about 3 years ago when laboratory findings revealed an elevated calcium level. This subsequently led to the diagnosis of rathyroidism. She was further evaluated by an endocrinologist in the Lake Tahoe area, who determined that she also had hypercalciuria, although there is nothing to suggest a history of kidney stones. IMPRESSION: Hyperparathyroidism and hypercalciuria, probably a parathyroid adenoma. PLAN: Patient advised to make a follow-up appointment with her endocrinologist Juan Perez, MD D: 05-25-xx T: 05-25-x

Answer 1

1. ANS: Adenoma: It is a non-cancerous tumor (that is not cancer), but it may affect several organs. Generally it was started in gland like cells of the epithelial tissue. In the body every cell growth can be tightly regulated but in the condition of cancers or tumors cells lose its control and divide and proliferate indiscriminately.

2. ANS: D. Too much calcium.

Explanation: High secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) can leads to Hyperparathyroidism (HPT). The PTH hormone can regulate serum phosphate and calcium levels. A high level of PTH cause serum calcium levels to increase and serum phosphate levels to fall.

3. ANS:

Hyperparathyroidism causes:

Excess PTH is produced by one or more of the parathyroid glands, due to:

1. A single parathyroid gland adenoma (85% of cases).

2. 4-gland hyperplasia (10-15%).

3. Double adenomas (3-5%).

4. Parathyroid carcinoma (less than 1%).

5. ANS:

Hyper + calciuria (Hyper AND calciuria) = It is the condition of elevated calcium in the urine

Endocrine + -ology(Endocrine AND ology) = A medical specialist who is qualified to diagnosis conditions that affect the glands.

6. ANS: B. Dorsal

Explanation: Parathyroid glands are located in the neck behind (Dorsal) the thyroid.

7. ANS: Parathyroidectomy.

Explanation: Surgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands was called as Parathyroidectomy.

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