Question

For questions match the appropriate term that BEST matches the description on in each statement. Some terms may be used more than once.

A. Information Bias B. Selection Bias C. Analytic Bias D. Structure Bias E. Confounding F. Ecologic Bias G. Effect Modification H. Recall Bias

______3. While analyzing data, a research assistant observed that cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were overreporting “Injection Drug Use” in post-diagnosis interviews, when compared to their pre-diagnosis interviews. The same observation could not be made among the controls.

_____ 4. Researchers conducted a simulation study to examine whether the race of a patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) influence the diagnosis of underlying kidney disease made by a nephrologist. Nephrologists practicing in Texas during 1994 were sent written case histories based on the presentation of seven patients with ESRD. For each case history, the patient’s race was randomly assigned to be “black” or “white.” In conclusion, case histories that identified the patient’s race as black were more likely to result in a diagnosis of hypertensive ESRD than case histories in which the patient’s race was said to be white, after adjusting for case history.

Answer 1

3.Analytical bias:It can be observed during the time of analysis.Here the control group could not have same Observation

4.section bias resulting from systematic error in participants of study subject.