Question

For questions match the appropriate term that BEST matches the description on in each statement. Some terms may be used more than once.

A. Information Bias B. Selection Bias C. Analytic Bias D. Structure Bias E. Confounding F. Ecologic Bias G. Effect Modification H. Recall Bias

______1 .A study examining the association between high blood sugar and type II diabetes concluded a significant association between high blood sugar and type II diabetes (OR 1.7, p<.0001). However, nearly a year after publishing their results, other researchers conducted a second study and attempted to replicate the findings but failed. It was concluded that the association between high blood sugar and type II diabetes was caused by the presence of a third factor, not originally accounted for in the first study.

_____ 2. Researchers are interested in designing a case-control study to determine the association between a popular diuretic prescribed to children in the early 2000s and acute kidney disease (AKD) in young adulthood. Cases were defined as individuals 30 years old or younger diagnosed with AKD, and controls were matched on sex and age. Exposure information was set to be collected via a phone interview with the participant. The investigator of the study should be careful to consider the following in respect to the collection of exposure information –

Answer 1

1. A study examining the association between high blood sugar and type II diabetes concluded a significant association between high blood sugar and type II diabetes (OR 1.7, p<.0001). However, nearly a year after publishing their results, other researchers conducted a second study and attempted to replicate the findings but failed. It was concluded that the association between high blood sugar and type II diabetes was caused by the presence of a third factor, not originally accounted for in the first study.

Effect Modification

2. Researchers are interested in designing a case-control study to determine the association between a popular diuretic prescribed to children in the early 2000s and acute kidney disease (AKD) in young adulthood. Cases were defined as individuals 30 years old or younger diagnosed with AKD, and controls were matched on sex and age. Exposure information was set to be collected via a phone interview with the participant. The investigator of the study should be careful to consider the following in respect to the collection of exposure information

Information bias