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11. Suppose that the cross-price elasticity of demand between McIntosh and Golden Delicious apples is 0.8, between apples and apple juice is 0.5 between apples and cheese is negative 0.4, and between apples and beer is 0.1. What can you say about the relationship between each set of commodities? The relationship between two commodities could be substitutes, complements, or independent.
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Cross price elasticity is calculated by dividing the % change in quantity demanded of good A by the % change in price of good B.  A negative cross elasticity denotes two products that are complements, while a positive cross elasticity denotes two substitute products.

McIntosh and Golden Delicious are substitutes since the cross price elasticity is positive. A cross-price elasticity of 0.8 implies that a 1% increase in the price of McIntosh apples would increase the quantity of Golden Delicious demanded by 0.8%.

Apples and juice are substitutes since coefficient of elasticity is positive.

Apples and cheese are complements since coefficient of elasticity is negative.

Apples and beer are weak substitutes and can be considered independent.

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