Question

Week 5 Case Studies

Case #1: Mrs. Reynolds, age 75, reports the medications that she takes on a regular basis for documentation in her medical record. One is an OTC osmotic laxative for constipation. She tells you that her bowel movements appear to be of normal consistency but she has to take a laxative to have a daily bowel movement.

1. What explanation would you give to her about her “constipation”?
2. What dietary suggestions would you make to help Mrs. Reynolds stop taking laxatives on a regular basis?
3. Are Mrs. Reynold’s feelings typical of elderly people? Why or why not?
4. What are the dangers to elderly people who take laxatives on a regular basis?
5. How do osmotic saline laxatives work?

Case #2: Sadie has recurrent lower urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by E. coli.

1. What symptoms is she likely to have?
2. What foods can irritate the bladder?
3. Sadie is given sulfonamides as an antibacterial agent. What liquids will help keep the urine acidic for better therapeutic effects from the medications?
4. To prevent future UTIs, Sadie is given phenazopyridine. She calls the office and says that her urine is bright orange-red and she is concerned. What do you tell her?
5. Why are females more prone to UTIs?

Answer 1

CASE:1

1.explanation about constipation

constipation in age of 75 is may be common because of some reasons like poor dietary intake,lack of adequate fluid in diet, lack of exercise, poor bowel habits, effect of drugs using for some other conditions,physiological changes in old age so there is so many reason behind it.

2.dietary suggestions for mrs.reynold are:

• Water:Dehydration is a common cause of constipation, and drinking plenty of water can often help to ease or resolve the symptoms.
• Yogurt :Probiotics may help to improve gut health.Probiotics are often called "good" bacteria, and they may help to improve gut health and soften stools.
• Pulses:Most beans, lentils, chickpeas, and peas are very high in fiber, which is a nutrient that promotes good digestion and reduces constipation.
• Prunes:Prunes contain a lot of fiber, a nutrient known to ease and speed up bowel movements. Prunes also contain sorbitol and phenolic compounds that may have gastrointestinal benefits.
• Wheat bran:Wheat bran is another popular home remedy for constipation. It is rich in insoluble fiber, which can speed up the flow of materials through the intestines.
• Broccoli :Broccoli contains sulforaphane, a substance that may protect the gut and ease digestion.

3. are mrs, feeling typical? YES

Because constipation may make irritating to person and also she not feeling comfortable,also she may feels headache,burning stomach also.

4. danger of overuse of laxatives for mrs, reynold

• Disturbance of electrolyte and mineral balances
• Severe dehydration may cause tremors, weakness, blurry vision, fainting, kidney damage, and, in extreme cases, death.
• Laxative dependency occurs from overuse, and can cause the colon stops reacting to usual doses of laxatives so that larger and larger amounts of laxatives may be needed to produce bowel movements.
• Internal organ damage may result, including stretched colon, colon infection, irritable bowel syndrome, and, rarely, liver damage. Chronic laxative abuse may contribute to risk of colon cancer.
• these all are the dangers of taking laxatives continuously

5. how osmotic laxative saline works

Sodium phosphate is a saline laxative that is thought to work by increasing fluid in the small intestine. It usually results in a bowel movement after 30 minutes to 6 hours.

CASE : 2

1.symptoms of UTI

• A burning feeling (burning micturation).
• A frequent or intense urge to urinate.
• Pain or pressure in your back or lower abdomen.
• Cloudy, dark, bloody, or strange-smelling urine, concentrated urine.
• Feeling tired, weakness.
• Fever or chills (a sign the infection)

2. food which make bladder irritate

• spicy food
• carbonated drinks
• less intake of water or fluid can also irritate bladder
• Alcoholic beverages
• Apples and apple juice
• Chocolate
• Citrus fruit
• Coffee (including decaffeinated)
• Cranberries and cranberry juice
• Grapes ,Guava, Milk Products: milk, cheese, cottage cheese, yogurt, ice cream

3. which fluid will help than the medication

disodium hydrogen citrate syrup can be helpful in UTI to keep urine acidic as a therapeutic liquid as per my knowledge

and more water intake is also very important

4.answer

Phenazopyridine will most likely darken the color of urine to an orange or red color. This is a normal effect and is not harmful. Darkened urine may also cause stains underwear that may be permanent.

5.females are more prone to UTI : A woman has a shorter urethra than a man does, which shortens the distance that bacteria must travel to reach the bladder.  changes in their hormonal levels can also leads to UTI. Some are more likely to get an infection during certain times in their menstrual cycle, such as just before a period.