Question

1. What is the key characteristic of a cross-sectional study?

2. Think of an example of an ecologic study (not from class) and describe a key

challenge to this ecologic study design.

Answer 1

solution :- Ochameckeristics og cross sectional study. - cross sectional study is used to describe the chareek- ristics exist in a community but not to determise the cause of relationship between different lasiables. charockristics:- 1. cross sectional sholy takes place at a single point in time. manipulating variables in the study is not involved. - Age, gender, job, incomes ate, there choreetenstics can - look at once in this study. a l i prevailing characteristics in a population can be studied The things or matters that is happening in a given population can be studied by cross sectional way. what is happening in present moment can be descrita by this study. I for example, morder to determine the exposure of populace to specific risk facher night correlate with portanter outcome can be detected by the use y cross sectional study This study is nexpensive and fast. I They allow different variables and they are way for further study Scanned with CamScanner

② challanges to ecological study design :- - Ecological study design make ure of collected information in a souline, such as infectious disease notifications other Starfistics so that they are cheap and easy to complete challanges to ecological study design involves; Appropriate information is not easily available, it is must to carry out special surveye to collect datus for the study. 1 Measures of exposnes are prony based on the avarage no og population taken for the study caution is required when applying the grouped results obtined from the study. potential for systematic differences between places of . the recording disease frequency Difference in disease cooling, disease classificadon, - diagnosis and completeness of reporting between different countries may seer. . Arous of in measurement of expos me may have systemate differences. Data on confounding factors may lack , which night be an important challange to the ecological study design Scanned with CamScanner