Question

'determine what type of study design was used (control study, cohort study, ecological study, cross sectional study, and experimental study.). write down a strength and limitation of the study design.

1. Obesity and diabetes are increasingly attributed to environmental factors, however, little attention has been paid to the influence of the 'local' food economy. This paper examines the association of measures relating to the built environment and 'local' agriculture with U.S. county-level prevalence of obesity and diabetes. Key indicators of the 'local' food economy include the density of farmers" markets and the presence of farms with direct sales. This paper employs a robust regression estimator to account for non-normality of the data and to accommodate outliers. Overall, the built environment is associated with the prevalence of obesity and diabetes and a strong local food economy may play an important role in prevention. Results imply considerable scope for community-level interventions. Type of Study Strength Limitation 2. problem. Agonist type pharmacotherapies have been used successfully to treat opioid and nicotine dependence and are being studied for the treatment of methamphetamine dependence. BACKGROUND: The treatment of methamphetamine dependence is a continuing global health METHODS/DESIGN: This is a phase 2 dose escalation study of lisdexamtetamie for the treatment of methamphetamine dependence. Twenty individuals seeking treatment for methamphetamine dependence will be recruited at two Australian drug and alcohol services. All participants will undergo a single-blinded ascending-descending dose regime of 100 to 250 mg lisdexamfetamine, dispensed daily on site, over an 8-week period. Participants will be offered counselling as standard care. For the primary objectives, the outcome variables will be adverse events monitoring, drug tolerability and regimen completion. Secondary outcomes will be changes in methamphetamine use, craving, withdrawal, severity of dependence, risk bebavigue and other substance use. (3 points for type of study) Type of Study

Answer 1

1.

*Type of study:

The researcher followed a cross-sectional study design to carry out the study

*Strength:

a)Here the researcher include few studies that comprises a complete set of environmental factors,focusing instead on certain factors in isolation,such as fast food-food restaurants or grocery stores.This will helpful in estimating the effects of environmental indicators on health outcomes obtained in isolation can result in under-or over-estimated relationships

b)The current literature largely ignores the role of the local food econonomy.The researcher thought that the key indicators of the local food economy are found to be negatively related to both obesity and diabetes

c)The literature overlooks how the built environment impacts diabetes,focusing on obesity only.

*Limitation:

a)The cross-sectional nature of the data.Here the estimated associations do not imply causality and may represent resident self-selection

b)The use of county level-data (small area)

2.

a)Type of study:

Randomized controlled trial

b)Strength:

Present days the research related to pharmacotherapy options for the treatment of methamphetance dependance has been underpowered.Here the researcher will take this topic as a challenge and allows for the sharing of methodology in phase 2 studies in addiction pharmacotherapy research.

c)Limitations:

*The lack of a control group and the small sample size

*The study limits the generalizability of the secondary efficacy measures