Question

Determine what type of study design was used. After each study design, write down a strength and limitation of the study design

1. X analysis of pregnant women from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Of the 1158 pregnant women with complete household food security information, we analyzed 688 women who had complete dietary information and household incomes s300 % of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). Diet quality was measured by the Alternate Healthy Eating Index modified for Pregnancy (AHEI-P) from 1 to 2 24 h dietary Type of Study: Strength Limitation: 2. We interviewed 328 men diagnosed with prostate cancer before the age of 75 years and 328 age-matched population controls. The principal hypotheses were that risk would increase with a high intake of total or saturated fat and would decrease with a high intake of carotene (beta-carotene equivalents) or lycopene. We also examined the associations of other nutrients and foods with risk. Type of Study Strength Limitation

Answer 1

Study 1: Type of study: cross-sectional study

A type of observational study that study which analyzes data from a population, or a representative subset, at a specific point in time i.e. cross-sectional data is known as a cross-sectional study. It is also known as a cross-sectional analysis, transverse study, prevalence study.

Main Strength of Cross-Sectional Study is that the data obtained from it can be used for various types of research. Other benefits are as follows:

It is used to prove and/or disprove assumptions

It is cheap and does not require a lot of time

It captures a specific point in time (temporal)

It contains multiple variables at the time of the data snapshot

Limitations of Cross-Sectional Study

cause and effect can not be determined through it.

One cant analyze behavior over a period to time with this study

If there is a conflict of interest with the funding source, findings can become flawed or skewed

May face some challenges putting together the sampling pool based on the variables of the population being studied

Study 2 and Study 3: Type of study: case–control study

Strengths:

Rare diseases or diseases with a long latency period between exposure and disease manifestation are ideal for this kind of study.

They are also cheap and time-effective

Tthey are particularly advantageous when exposure data is costly or hard to obtain.

While studying dynamic populations in which follow-up is difficult, they are advantageous.

Limitations:

Selection bias can happen in these studies.

Efficacy of these studies are questionable for rare exposures.

Information on exposure is subject to observation bias.

Generally these studies do not allow calculation of incidence.