Question

27. Interpret your findings that you calculated in # 26. study design. c. experimental 28. The well-known Framingham Study employs the a case-control b. cohort 20. When selecting control subjects for a case-control study, the control group members should (select the best answer): resemble the case subjects b. have already had the disease of interest have had no opportunity to be exposed to the disease. be very ill hospital patients 30. True False W hen using the cohort study design and strong positive associations exist between the exposure and the disease, we would expect that the incidence in the exposed group (ie, the high risk group) would be higher than that in the non-exposed (low risk) group. 31. True False The attributable risk statistic is a measure of strength of association between the exposure and the disease. 32. True / False When doing high quality research it is always necessary for the epidemiologist to be honest. 33. True False Epidemiology, in a nutshell, can be described as the study of the distribution and causes of disease and injury in human populations. 34. A study design is much better at establishing the correct temporal sequence of the exposure and outcome than a study design. a. case-control ............cohort b. cohort..............case-control 35. If a huge proportion of participants drop out of a study that you are conducting, the type of bias (threat to internal validity) may be a problem. a. History d. Maturation Testing Regression toward the mean Instrumentation f. Attrition Selection 36. A field test for scoliosis (perhaps done by a physical education teacher) indicates that a child has the disease, but in fact, subsequent more valid tests indicate that the youngster truly does not have scoliosis. Thus, the field test done by the PE teacher is said to have produced this type of result. a true positive c. true negative b. false positive d. false negative 37. True / False Inferences (identifying causes of diseases) can be concluded from results garnered from a study that employs the case-series study design. 38. If ethics, money, and time were not a concern and you really wanted to determine the relationshin an exposure to a certain disease you would execute this type of study a. case-control b. cohort c. experiment d. case-series

Answer 1

28. Longitudinal study designThe Framingham Heart Study participants, and their children and grandchildren, voluntarily consented to undergo a detailed medical history, physical examination, and medical tests every three to five years,creating a wealth of data about physical and mental health, especially about cardiovascular disease. A nonprofit charity, called Friends of the Framingham Heart Study, was founded to help defray study costs and spread awareness of heart issues. Membership is limited to participants.

29.  controls should have had no opportunity to be exposed to the disease.

30. true

31. true

32. true

33. true

34. Cohort - case control

35. Attrition

36. false positive

37. True

38. Experiment